Java实现生成中间带图标的二维码

生成Base64格式的二维码，返回html渲染

package your.package;

import com.google.zxing.*;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class QRCodeWithLogo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String webUrl = "https://www.alibaba.com"; // 目标网址
        String logoPath = "alipay_logo.png"; // Logo图片文件路径
        int qrCodeSize = 200; // 二维码尺寸设置为300x300像素
        int logoSize = 50; // 定义Logo的宽度，留白区域大小

        // 调用函数生成带留白无logo的二维码图像
        BufferedImage qrCodeImage = generateQRCodeImage(webUrl, qrCodeSize, qrCodeSize, logoSize);

        // 调用函数在二维码中心加入支付宝logo
        BufferedImage qrCodeWithLogo = addLogoToQRCode(qrCodeImage, logoPath);

        // 调用函数将带有logo的二维码图像转换为Base64字符串
        String base64Encoded = convertImageToBase64(qrCodeWithLogo);

        System.out.println(base64Encoded); // 输出二维码的Base64编码字符串
    }


    /**
     * 生成带有中部空白区（为Logo预留空间）的二维码图像。
     * @param data 要编码到二维码中的数据字符串
     * @param width 生成的二维码图像宽度
     * @param height 生成的二维码图像高度
     * @param logoSize 预留给logo的空白区域的宽度与高度（假设空白区域为正方形）
     * @return 中央带有空白区域的二维码图像
     * @throws Exception 如果生成二维码时遇到任何错误，则抛出异常
     */
    private static BufferedImage generateQRCodeImage(
            String data, int width, int height, int logoSize) throws Exception {

        // 配置二维码生成参数
        HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); // 指定二维码的编码设置为UTF-8
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); // 设置二维码的纠错级别为高(H)
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0); // 设置二维码边缘 空背空白（边框大小）为0

        // 根据数据与配置信息生成二维码的比特矩阵
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(
                data, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);

        // 将二维码比特矩阵转换为BufferedImage图像，用于最终输出
        BufferedImage image = MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);

        // 计算中部logo空白区域的坐标位置
        // 这确保了空间位于二维码的正中心
        int deltaHeight = image.getHeight() - logoSize;
        int deltaWidth = image.getWidth() - logoSize;
        int coordX = deltaWidth / 2;
        int coordY = deltaHeight / 2;

        // 采用图形对象在图像上绘图
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();

        // 设置compositing 规则定为SRC，通过AlphaComposite指定透明度效果
        g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC));

        // 设置Logo区域的填充颜色为白色
        g2.setPaint(Color.WHITE);
        // 绘制一个填充过的矩形以形成预留给logo的空白区域
        g2.fillRect(coordX, coordY, logoSize, logoSize);

        g2.dispose(); // 结束图形编辑并释放系统资源

        return image; // 返回生成的二维码BufferedImage对象
    }

    /**
     * 将一个给定的logo图片添加到二维码中心
     *
     * @param qrCodeImage 二维码的BufferedImage对象
     * @param logoPath logo图片的路径
     * @return 合成后的带有logo的二维码图片
     * @throws IOException 如果读取logo文件失败
     */
    private static BufferedImage addLogoToQRCode(BufferedImage qrCodeImage, String logoPath) throws IOException {
        // 从文件中读取logo图片
        BufferedImage logoImage = ImageIO.read(new File(logoPath));

        // 确定logo的最终权重宽度和高度 - 通常将logo缩小到原来尺寸的1/5
        int logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth() / 5;
        int logoHeight = logoImage.getHeight() / 5;

        // 创建一个新的缓冲区图像，其中包含alpha值(透明度)用来画带边界的logo
        BufferedImage logoWithBorder = new BufferedImage(logoWidth, logoHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        // 使用Graphics2D绘制带边界的logo
        Graphics2D gBorder = logoWithBorder.createGraphics();

        // 设置合成规则，表示后续绘图操作将直接替换背景像素
        gBorder.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);

        // 设置抗锯齿属性来平滑边缘
        gBorder.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        // 绘制一个填满整个logoWithBorder尺寸的白色矩形，形成logo的边界
        gBorder.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        gBorder.fillRect(0, 0, logoWidth, logoHeight);

        // 将logo图片缩放并绘制到logoWithBorder上
        gBorder.drawImage(logoImage.getScaledInstance(logoWidth, logoHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH), 0, 0, null);

        // 不再进行绘制操作，释放此图形的上下文以及它使用的任何系统资源
        gBorder.dispose();

        // 计算二维码和logo的差距，用于将logo置于二维码的中心位置
        int deltaHeight = qrCodeImage.getHeight() - logoWithBorder.getHeight();
        int deltaWidth = qrCodeImage.getWidth() - logoWithBorder.getWidth();

        // 创建一个新的缓冲区图像以容纳原始的二维码和放置其中的logo
        BufferedImage combined = new BufferedImage(qrCodeImage.getHeight(), qrCodeImage.getWidth(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) combined.getGraphics();

        // 将二维码绘制在新图片的最底层
        g.drawImage(qrCodeImage, 0, 0, null);

        // 设置合成效果来绘制logo，覆盖在之前绘制的内容之上
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER, 1f));

        // 在合适的位置绘制带有白边背景框的logo（确保居中）
        g.drawImage(logoWithBorder, Math.round(deltaWidth / 2), Math.round(deltaHeight / 2), null);

        // 完成绘制，释放图形上下文使用的资源
        g.dispose();

        // 返回合成后带有logo的二维码图像
        return combined;
    }

    /**
     * 将图像转换成Base64编码的字符串
     * @param image
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static String convertImageToBase64(BufferedImage image) throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); // 创建ByteArrayOutputStream对象
        ImageIO.write(image, "png", outputStream); // 把BufferedImage写入流中
        byte[] imageBytes = outputStream.toByteArray(); // 转换成对应的byte数组
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(imageBytes); // 进行Base64编码，并返回字符串
    }
}

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