一. Requirements

• Users are strongly advised to start moving to Java 1.8 (see HIVE-8607).
• Hadoop 2.x (preferred), 本文实际上使用的是：hadoop3.0.3
• The instructions in this document are applicable to Linux and Mac.

 

二. Installing Hive from a Stable Release

下载页面：

Hive Releases
 
Index of /hive

解压：

tar -xzvf hive-x.y.z.tar.gz

设置HIVE_HOME 环境变量：/etc/profile

  $ cd hive-x.y.z
  $ export HIVE_HOME={{pwd}}
  $ export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

 

三. Running Hive

Hive uses Hadoop, so:

• 设置hadoop环境变量
• 创建hdfs目录：
  In addition, you must use below HDFS commands to create /tmp and /user/hive/warehouse (aka hive.metastore.warehouse.dir) and set them chmod g+w before you can create a table in Hive.

  $ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir       /tmp
  $ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p     /user/hive/warehouse
  $ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /tmp
  $ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /user/hive/warehouse

 

四. Running Hive CLI

hive

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/taiyi/apache-hive-3.1.3-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.3.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive>     

因为没有初始化元数据，实际上还不能使用

 

五.Running HiveServer2 and Beeline

Starting from Hive 2.1, we need to run the schematool command below as an initialization step. For example, we can use “derby” as db type.

注意：实际作者操作的过程中没有使用derby初始化的元数据并不能使用，接下来使用mysql作为hive的元数据库。

1. 下载安装mysql

安装、设置新用户、对新用户赋权等，这里略

 

2. 下载mysql驱动

下载mysql驱动mysql-connector-java-8.0.11.jar，上传到$HIVE_HOME/lib 文件夹下
 

3. 配置hive-site.xml

hive-site.xml位于$HIVE_HOME/conf文件夹下。
默认情况下，并没有这个文件，所有的参数配置在hive-default.xml.template中。
因此，第一次使用时，需要手动创建这个文件。接下来配置元数据库：

<configuration>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.enable.doAs</name>
        <value>false</value>
        <description>
            Setting this property to true will have HiveServer2 execute
            Hive operations as the user making the calls to it.
            当设置为true时，会话将以连接用户的权限来执行操作。会出现如下报错：
            当设置为false时，HiveServer2会话将使用HiveServer2服务的运行用户的身份来执行查询。
        </description>
    </property>

   <property>
     <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
     <value>jdbc:mysql://hostname:3306/hivedb?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&amp;createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</value>
     <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore
     allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true：用于允许在连接MySQL数据库时检索公钥。它的作用是允许连接到MySQL服务器时自动检索服务器的SSL公钥。
     </description>
  </property>

  <property>
     <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
     <value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value>
     <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore
     注意mysql的驱动类要和放入的驱动包一致
     </description>
  </property>

  <property>
     <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
     <value>username</value>
     <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
  </property>

  <property>
     <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
     <value>password</value>
     <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
  </property>
</configuration>

hive.server2.enable.doAs相关报错

Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000  
23/07/30 15:08:04 [main]: WARN jdbc.HiveConnection: Failed to connect to localhost:10000  
Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: 
Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: 
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: taiyi is not allowed to impersonate anonymous 
(state=08S01,code=0)  

allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true可预防的报错

Public Key Retrieval is not allowed

但要注意

AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True
可能会导致恶意的代理通过中间人攻击(MITM)获取到明文密码，所以默认是关闭的，必须显式开启

 

4. 初始化元数据库

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema  

 

5. 通过beeline进行连接

HiveServer2 (introduced in Hive 0.11) has its own CLI called Beeline. HiveCLI is now deprecated in favor of Beeline, as it lacks the multi-user, security, and other capabilities of HiveServer2.
To run HiveServer2 and Beeline from shell:

启动server
nohup hive --service hiveserver2 >> /tmp/hiveserver2.log 2>&1 &

启动metastore
nohup hive --service metastore >> /tmp/hivemeta.log 2>&1 &


beeline -u jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
如果localhost连接不了，则改为具体机器的hostname