Android Studio 之 Intent及其参数传递

一、Intent

显式Intent：通过组件名指定启动的目标组件,比如startActivity(new Intent(A.this,B.class)); 每次启动的组件只有一个~
隐式Intent:不指定组件名,而指定Intent的Action,Data,或Category,当我们启动组件时, 会去匹配AndroidManifest.xml相关组件的Intent-filter,逐一匹配出满足属性的组件,当不止一个满足时, 会弹出一个让我们选择启动哪个的对话框

1、点击按钮返回Home界面

Intent it = new Intent();
it.setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
it.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
startActivity(it);

2、点击按钮打开百度页面

Intent it = new Intent();
it.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
it.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com"));
startActivity(it);

二、Intent数据的传递

通过调用Intent的putExtra()方法存入数据，然后在获得Intent后调用getXxxExtra获得对应类型的数据；传递多个的话，可以使用Bundle对象作为容器，通过调用Bundle的putXxx先将数据存储到Bundle中，然后调用Intent的putExtras()方法将Bundle存入Intent中，然后获得Intent以后，调用getExtras()获得Bundle容器，然后调用其getXXX获取对应的数据！另外数据存储有点类似于Map的<键，值>！
1、Intent传递数组
写入数组：bd.putStringArray("StringArray", new String[]{"呵呵","哈哈"});
//可把StringArray换成其他数据类型,比如int,float等等...
读取数组：String[] str = bd.getStringArray("StringArray")

2、Intent传递集合

a、List<基本数据类型或String>

写入集合：
intent.putStringArrayListExtra(name, value)
intent.putIntegerArrayListExtra(name, value)

读取集合：
intent.getStringArrayListExtra(name)
intent.getIntegerArrayListExtra(name)

b、List< Object>

将list强转成Serializable类型,然后传入(可用Bundle做媒介)

写入集合：putExtras(key, (Serializable)list)

读取集合：(List<Object>) getIntent().getSerializable(key)

Object类需要实现Serializable接口

c、Map<String, Object>,或更复杂的

解决方法是：外层套个List
//传递复杂些的参数 Map<String, Object> map1 = new HashMap<String, Object>(); map1.put("key1", "value1");
map1.put("key2", "value2");
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
list.add(map1);
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(MainActivity.this,ComplexActivity.class);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
//须定义一个list用于在budnle中传递需要传递的ArrayList<Object>,这个是必须要的 ArrayList bundlelist = new ArrayList(); bundlelist.add(list); bundle.putParcelableArrayList("list",bundlelist); intent.putExtras(bundle); startActivity(intent);

3、Intent传递对象，对象转换为Json字符串

public class Book{
    private int id;
    private String title;
    //...
}

public class Author{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //...
}
写入数据：
Book book=new Book();
book.setTitle("Java编程思想");
Author author=new Author();
author.setId(1);
author.setName("Bruce Eckel");
book.setAuthor(author);
Intent intent=new Intent(this,SecondActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("book",new Gson().toJson(book));//Gson解析
startActivity(intent);

读取数据：
String bookJson=getIntent().getStringExtra("book");
Book book=new Gson().fromJson(bookJson,Book.class);Gson解析
Log.d(TAG,"book title->"+book.getTitle());
Log.d(TAG,"book author name->"+book.getAuthor().getName());

4、Intent传递Bitmap

Bitmap bitmap = null;
Intent intent = new Intent();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putParcelable("bitmap", bitmap);//bitmap默认实现Parcelable接口,直接传递即可
intent.putExtra("bundle", bundle);

5、使用 Application全局对象，数据可以在任何地方都能获取到
Android系统在每个程序运行的时候创建一个Application对象，而且只会创建一个

在AndroidManifest.xml中为我们的application标签添加:name属性

<application android:name=".MyApp" 
 android:icon="@drawable/icon" 
 android:label="@string/app_name">

自定义Application类

class MyApp extends Application {
    private String myState;
    private static MyApp instance;
    
    public static MyApp getInstance(){
        return instance;
    } 
    public String getState(){
        return myState;
    }
    public void setState(String s){
        myState = s;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onCreate(){
        onCreate();
        instance = this;
    }
}
我们就可以在任意地方直接调用：MyApp.getInstance()来获得Application的全局对象

其他常用系统Intent合集

//===============================================================
//1.拨打电话
// 给移动客服10086拨打电话
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:10086");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//2.发送短信
// 给10086发送内容为“Hello”的短信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:10086");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
intent.putExtra("sms_body", "Hello");
startActivity(intent);

//3.发送彩信（相当于发送带附件的短信）
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra("sms_body", "Hello");
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
intent.setType("image/png");
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//4.打开浏览器:
// 打开百度主页
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//5.发送电子邮件:(阉割了Google服务的没戏!!!!)
// 给someone@domain.com发邮件
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:someone@domain.com");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(intent);
// 给someone@domain.com发邮件发送内容为“Hello”的邮件
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "someone@domain.com");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Subject");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Hello");
intent.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(intent);
// 给多人发邮件
Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos = {"1@abc.com", "2@abc.com"}; // 收件人
String[] ccs = {"3@abc.com", "4@abc.com"}; // 抄送
String[] bccs = {"5@abc.com", "6@abc.com"}; // 密送
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_BCC, bccs);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Subject");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Hello");
intent.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//6.显示地图:
// 打开Google地图中国北京位置（北纬39.9，东经116.3）
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:39.9,116.3");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//7.路径规划
// 路径规划：从北京某地（北纬39.9，东经116.3）到上海某地（北纬31.2，东经121.4）
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=39.9 116.3&daddr=31.2 121.4");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//8.多媒体播放:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/foo.mp3");
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
startActivity(intent);

//获取SD卡下所有音频文件,然后播放第一首=-=
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//9.打开摄像头拍照:
// 打开拍照程序
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
// 取出照片数据
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) extras.get("data");

//另一种:
//调用系统相机应用程序，并存储拍下来的照片
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg")));
startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE);

//===============================================================

//10.获取并剪切图片
// 获取并剪切图片
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.setType("image/*");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true"); // 开启剪切
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1); // 剪切的宽高比为1：2
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 2);
intent.putExtra("outputX", 20); // 保存图片的宽和高
intent.putExtra("outputY", 40);
intent.putExtra("output", Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/temp"))); // 保存路径
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", "JPEG");// 返回格式
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
// 剪切特定图片
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
intent.setClassName("com.android.camera", "com.android.camera.CropImage");
intent.setData(Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/temp")));
intent.putExtra("outputX", 1); // 剪切的宽高比为1：2
intent.putExtra("outputY", 2);
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 20); // 保存图片的宽和高
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 40);
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
intent.putExtra("output", Uri.parse("file:///mnt/sdcard/temp"));
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);

//===============================================================

//11.打开Google Market
// 打开Google Market直接进入该程序的详细页面
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + "com.demo.app");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//12.进入手机设置界面:
// 进入无线网络设置界面（其它可以举一反三）
Intent intent = new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);

//===============================================================

//13.安装apk:
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);

//===============================================================

//14.卸载apk:
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
startActivity(it);

//===============================================================

//15.发送附件:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

//===============================================================

//16.进入联系人页面:
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//17.查看指定联系人:
Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(personUri);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//18.调用系统编辑添加联系人（高版本SDK有效）：
Intent it = newIntent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT_OR_EDIT);
it.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/contact");
//it.setType(Contacts.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
it.putExtra("name","myName");
it.putExtra(android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.COMPANY, "organization");
it.putExtra(android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.EMAIL,"email");
it.putExtra(android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.PHONE,"homePhone");
it.putExtra(android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.SECONDARY_PHONE,"mobilePhone");
it.putExtra( android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.TERTIARY_PHONE,"workPhone");
it.putExtra(android.provider.Contacts.Intents.Insert.JOB_TITLE,"title");
startActivity(it);

//===============================================================

//19.调用系统编辑添加联系人（全有效）：
Intent intent = newIntent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT_OR_EDIT);
intent.setType(People.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
intent.putExtra(Contacts.Intents.Insert.NAME, "My Name");
intent.putExtra(Contacts.Intents.Insert.PHONE, "+1234567890");
intent.putExtra(Contacts.Intents.Insert.PHONE_TYPE,Contacts.PhonesColumns.TYPE_MOBILE);
intent.putExtra(Contacts.Intents.Insert.EMAIL, "com@com.com");
intent.putExtra(Contacts.Intents.Insert.EMAIL_TYPE, Contacts.ContactMethodsColumns.TYPE_WORK);
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================

//20.打开另一程序
Intent i = new Intent();
ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.example.jay.test",
"com.example.jay.test.MainActivity");
i.setComponent(cn);
i.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN");
startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_OK);

//===============================================================

//21.打开录音机
Intent mi = new Intent(Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION);
startActivity(mi);

//===============================================================

//22.从google搜索内容
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY,"searchString")
startActivity(intent);

//===============================================================