C语言的运行和构建工具介绍

C语言是编译型语言，需要编译生成.o的目标文件，然后用链接器连接目标代码才能生成可执行文件，Windows下就是生成.exe文件。如果文件之间互相依赖，则需要把所有源文件都编译才可运行。
然而大型项目中，源文件非常多，需要使用make工具来批量编译源文件，通过编写规则文件Makefile来告诉make工具如何进行编译，但是Makefile文件是强依赖平台的，在Linux上的Makefile文件并不能在Widnwos上面跑，而且大型项目的Makefile文件的编写也会非常复杂。
redis项目是基于Makefile的，而且基于Linux平台，所以要想在Windows上面编译运行，还需要借助另外一个工具cmake。cmake工具是用来自动生成跨平台Makefile文件的工具，用来生成跨平台的Makefile，同时避免复杂的Makefile编写过程。同样的，cmake工具相应的需要编写CMakeLists.txt规则来告诉cmake工具如何生成Makefile文件。

Windows平台安装cygwin

cygwin工具可以在window平台上运行Linux上面的命令等，方便编译和运行，而且该工具能让我们使用很多Linux的强大命令。
下载地址： https://cygwin.com/install.html。64位Windows下载setup-x86_64.exe。下载之后直接双击安装，步骤如下：
下一步 -> 选择下载源（install from Internet）
-> 选择安装跟目录
-> 选择本地包路径
-> 选择网络连接（Direct Connection）
-> 选择下载镜像
-> 选择需要安装的包
-> 下一步。
可以搜索安装包，然后在Skip一列点击选择安装最新稳定版本，本次需要安装的包如下，可以按需安装其他包：

• wget: 通过http或者ftp下载文件
• gcc-core: GNU编译工具集（C，OpenMP）
• gcc-g++: GNU编译工具集（C++）
• make: GNU构建工具
• cmake: 跨平台makefile生成工具
• gdb: GNU调试工具
• binutils: GNU编译和连接工具

为了方便使用cygwin中的命令，还需要将其bin目录添加到系统环境变量，添加环境变量的方法如下：
我的电脑右键
-> 选择属性
-> 高级系统设置
-> 高级tab
-> 环境变量
-> 系统变量中Path双击
-> 新建一条填入cygwin安装bin目录。

如果有需要，可以安装包管理工具apt-cyg，类似于Linux上的apt-get或者yum等，方便安装和管理包，直接从github: https://github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg下载zip，解压后将其中的apt-cyg文件放到刚才安装的cygwin根目录下的bin目录中即可。

安装CLion并设置编译运行环境

然后安装运行IDE，本次使用Jetbrains全家桶中的CLion进行源码调试和阅读，由于Clion自带的MinGW会有些库缺失问题，所以还行需要设置使用cygwin作为编译运行环境。
文件 -> 设置 -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Add Cygwin -> Toolset那一栏选择cygwin安装目录。

导入redis源码

redis官方源码地址为： https://github.com/redis/redis，可以fork到自己的仓库，然后基于自己仓库的代码进行修改，这个可以把一些注释提交方便后续查看，也可以直接下载release里面的稳定版本的源码，这儿下载6.2.7版本。

配置CMakeLists.txt

由于redis是基于Linux上的Makefile，所以Windows上需要配置CMakeLists.txt使用cmake工具编译运行。github上已经有人尝试编写CMakeLists.txt文件，项目地址为： https://github.com/LHRchina/redis。本文也是参考该项目的CMakeLists.txt文件，然后把缺少的库补上成功编译运行的。

redis根目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0 FATAL_ERROR)
project(redis VERSION 6.0)
#set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/")
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/../src)
message(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY is:${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
#if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
message(STATUS "No build type defined; defaulting to 'Debug'")
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug" CACHE STRING
        "The type of build. Possible values are: Debug, Release,
RelWithDebInfo and MinSizeRel.")

#endif()
message(STATUS "Host is: ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM}. Build target is:
${CMAKE_SYSTEM}")
get_filename_component(REDIS_ROOT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" ABSOLUTE)
message(STATUS "Project root directory is: ${REDIS_ROOT}")
# Just for debugging when handling a new platform.
if (false)
    message("C++ compiler supports these language features:")
    foreach (i ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES})
        message(" ${i}")
    endforeach ()
endif ()
message(STATUS "Generating release.h...")
execute_process(
        COMMAND sh -c ./mkreleasehdr.sh
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${REDIS_ROOT}/src/
)
add_subdirectory(deps)
add_subdirectory(src/modules)
set(SRC_SERVER_TMP
        src/crcspeed.c
        src/crcspeed.h
        src/sha256.c
        src/sha256.h
        src/connection.c
        src/connection.h
        src/acl.c
        src/timeout.c
        src/tracking.c
        src/tls.c
        src/adlist.c
        src/ae.c
        src/anet.c
        # windows屏蔽掉下面两个文件，mac系统不需要屏蔽，这两个是mac环境多路复用的库
        # /usr/local/include/event.h
        # src/ae_kqueue.c
        src/mt19937-64.c
        src/mt19937-64.h
        src/monotonic.c
        src/monotonic.h
        src/dict.c
        src/sds.c
        src/zmalloc.c
        src/lzf_c.c
        src/lzf_d.c
        src/pqsort.c
        src/zipmap.c
        src/sha1.c
        src/ziplist.c
        src/release.c
        src/networking.c
        src/util.c
        src/object.c
        src/db.c
        src/replication.c
        src/rdb.c
        src/t_string.c
        src/t_list.c
        src/t_set.c
        src/t_zset.c
        src/evict.c
        src/defrag.c
        src/module.c
        src/quicklist.c
        src/expire.c
        src/childinfo.c
        src/redis-check-aof.c
        src/redis-check-rdb.c
        src/lazyfree.c
        src/geohash.c
        src/rax.c
        src/geohash_helper.c
        src/siphash.c
        src/geo.c
        src/t_hash.c
        src/config.c
        src/aof.c
        src/pubsub.c
        src/multi.c
        src/debug.c
        src/sort.c
        src/intset.c
        src/syncio.c
        src/cluster.c
        src/crc16.c
        src/endianconv.c
        src/slowlog.c
        src/scripting.c
        src/bio.c
        src/rio.c
        src/rand.c
        src/memtest.c
        src/crc64.c
        src/bitops.c
        src/sentinel.c
        src/notify.c
        src/setproctitle.c
        src/blocked.c
        src/hyperloglog.c
        src/latency.c
        src/sparkline.c
        src/t_stream.c
        src/lolwut.c
        src/lolwut.h
        src/lolwut5.c
        src/lolwut6.c
        src/listpack.c
        src/localtime.c
        src/gopher.c
        )
set(SRC_SERVER src/server.c ${SRC_SERVER_TMP})
set(SRC_CLI
        src/anet.c
        src/sds.c
        src/adlist.c
        src/redis-cli.c
        src/zmalloc.c
        src/release.c
        src/ae.c
        src/crc64.c
        src/crc16.c
        src/dict.c
        src/siphash.c
        )
if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
    # better not to work with jemalloc
endif()
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH src)
add_executable(redis-server ${SRC_SERVER})
add_executable(redis-cli ${SRC_CLI})
set_property(TARGET redis-server PROPERTY C_STANDARD 99)
set_property(TARGET redis-server PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 11)
set_property(TARGET redis-server PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set_property(TARGET redis-cli PROPERTY C_STANDARD 99)
set_property(TARGET redis-cli PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 11)
set_property(TARGET redis-cli PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
target_include_directories(redis-server
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/hiredis
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/linenoise
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/lua/src
        )
target_include_directories(redis-cli
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/hiredis
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/linenoise
        PRIVATE ${REDIS_ROOT}/deps/lua/src
        )
target_link_libraries(redis-server
        PRIVATE pthread
        PRIVATE m
        PRIVATE lua
        PRIVATE linenoise
        PRIVATE hiredis
        )
target_link_libraries(redis-cli
        PRIVATE pthread
        PRIVATE m
        PRIVATE linenoise
        PRIVATE hiredis
        )
link_directories(deps/hiredis/ deps/linenoise/ diredeps/lua/src)
install(TARGETS redis-server
        RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
        )
#set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -c")

src/modules目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")

add_library(helloworld SHARED helloworld.c)
set_target_properties(helloworld PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".so")

add_library(hellotype SHARED hellotype.c)
set_target_properties(hellotype PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".so")

add_library(helloblock SHARED helloblock.c)
set_target_properties(helloblock PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".so")

#add_library(testmodule SHARED testmodule.c)
#set_target_properties(testmodule PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".so")

deps目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

add_subdirectory(hiredis)
add_subdirectory(linenoise)
add_subdirectory(lua)

deps/hiredis目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.4.0)
INCLUDE(GNUInstallDirs)
PROJECT(hiredis)

OPTION(ENABLE_SSL "Build hiredis_ssl for SSL support" OFF)
OPTION(DISABLE_TESTS "If tests should be compiled or not" OFF)
OPTION(ENABLE_SSL_TESTS, "Should we test SSL connections" OFF)

MACRO(getVersionBit name)
    SET(VERSION_REGEX "^#define ${name} (.+)$")
    FILE(STRINGS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/hiredis.h"
            VERSION_BIT REGEX ${VERSION_REGEX})
    STRING(REGEX REPLACE ${VERSION_REGEX} "\\1" ${name} "${VERSION_BIT}")
ENDMACRO(getVersionBit)

getVersionBit(HIREDIS_MAJOR)
getVersionBit(HIREDIS_MINOR)
getVersionBit(HIREDIS_PATCH)
getVersionBit(HIREDIS_SONAME)
SET(VERSION "${HIREDIS_MAJOR}.${HIREDIS_MINOR}.${HIREDIS_PATCH}")
MESSAGE("Detected version: ${VERSION}")

PROJECT(hiredis VERSION "${VERSION}")

SET(ENABLE_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "Enable building hiredis examples")

SET(hiredis_sources
        alloc.c
        async.c
        dict.c
        hiredis.c
        net.c
        read.c
        sds.c
        sockcompat.c)

SET(hiredis_sources ${hiredis_sources})

IF(WIN32)
    ADD_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
ENDIF()

ADD_LIBRARY(hiredis SHARED ${hiredis_sources})

SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hiredis
        PROPERTIES WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS TRUE
        VERSION "${HIREDIS_SONAME}")
IF(WIN32 OR MINGW)
    TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hiredis PRIVATE ws2_32)
ENDIF()

TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(hiredis PUBLIC $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:.> $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}>)

CONFIGURE_FILE(hiredis.pc.in hiredis.pc @ONLY)

INSTALL(TARGETS hiredis
        EXPORT hiredis-targets
        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
        ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})

INSTALL(FILES hiredis.h read.h sds.h async.h alloc.h
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/hiredis)

INSTALL(DIRECTORY adapters
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/hiredis)

INSTALL(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis.pc
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig)

export(EXPORT hiredis-targets
        FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis-targets.cmake"
        NAMESPACE hiredis::)

SET(CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR share/hiredis)
SET(INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR include)
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
configure_package_config_file(hiredis-config.cmake.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis-config.cmake
        INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR}
        PATH_VARS INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR)

INSTALL(EXPORT hiredis-targets
        FILE hiredis-targets.cmake
        NAMESPACE hiredis::
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR})

INSTALL(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis-config.cmake
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR})


IF(ENABLE_SSL)
    IF (NOT OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR)
        IF (APPLE)
            SET(OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR "/usr/local/opt/openssl")
        ENDIF()
    ENDIF()
    FIND_PACKAGE(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
    SET(hiredis_ssl_sources
            ssl.c)
    ADD_LIBRARY(hiredis_ssl SHARED
            ${hiredis_ssl_sources})

    IF (APPLE)
        SET_PROPERTY(TARGET hiredis_ssl PROPERTY LINK_FLAGS "-Wl,-undefined -Wl,dynamic_lookup")
    ENDIF()

    SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hiredis_ssl
            PROPERTIES
            WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS TRUE
            VERSION "${HIREDIS_SONAME}")

    TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(hiredis_ssl PRIVATE "${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR}")
    TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hiredis_ssl PRIVATE ${OPENSSL_LIBRARIES})
    IF (WIN32 OR MINGW)
        TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hiredis_ssl PRIVATE hiredis)
    ENDIF()
    CONFIGURE_FILE(hiredis_ssl.pc.in hiredis_ssl.pc @ONLY)

    INSTALL(TARGETS hiredis_ssl
            EXPORT hiredis_ssl-targets
            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
            ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})

    INSTALL(FILES hiredis_ssl.h
            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/hiredis)

    INSTALL(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis_ssl.pc
            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig)

    export(EXPORT hiredis_ssl-targets
            FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis_ssl-targets.cmake"
            NAMESPACE hiredis::)

    SET(CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR share/hiredis_ssl)
    configure_package_config_file(hiredis_ssl-config.cmake.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis_ssl-config.cmake
            INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR}
            PATH_VARS INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR)

    INSTALL(EXPORT hiredis_ssl-targets
            FILE hiredis_ssl-targets.cmake
            NAMESPACE hiredis::
            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR})

    INSTALL(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hiredis_ssl-config.cmake
            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CONF_INSTALL_DIR})
ENDIF()

IF(NOT DISABLE_TESTS)
    ENABLE_TESTING()
    ADD_EXECUTABLE(hiredis-test test.c)
    IF(ENABLE_SSL_TESTS)
        ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DHIREDIS_TEST_SSL=1)
        TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hiredis-test hiredis hiredis_ssl)
    ELSE()
        TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hiredis-test hiredis)
    ENDIF()
    ADD_TEST(NAME hiredis-test
            COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test.sh)
ENDIF()

# Add examples
IF(ENABLE_EXAMPLES)
    ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(examples)
ENDIF(ENABLE_EXAMPLES)

deps/linenoise目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

add_library(linenoise linenoise.c)

deps/lua目录下配置CMakeLists.txt，文件内容如下：

set(LUA_SRC
        src/lauxlib.c
        src/liolib.c
        src/lopcodes.c
        src/lstate.c
        src/lobject.c
        src/print.c
        src/lmathlib.c
        src/loadlib.c
        src/lvm.c
        src/lfunc.c
        src/lstrlib.c
        src/lua.c
        src/linit.c
        src/lstring.c
        src/lundump.c
        src/luac.c
        src/ltable.c
        src/ldump.c
        src/loslib.c
        src/lgc.c
        src/lzio.c
        src/ldblib.c
        src/strbuf.c
        src/lmem.c
        src/lcode.c
        src/ltablib.c
        src/lua_struct.c
        src/lapi.c
        src/lbaselib.c
        src/lua_cmsgpack.c
        src/ldebug.c
        src/lparser.c
        src/lua_cjson.c
        src/fpconv.c
        src/lua_bit.c
        src/llex.c
        src/ltm.c
        src/ldo.c
        )
add_library(lua STATIC ${LUA_SRC})

构建redis源码

CLion打开项目时，注意一定要选择CMake项目，否则以Makefile方式加载项目进入后，添加CMakeLists文件是不能构建的，此时右键CMakeLists.txt没有Load CMake Project的选项，如果加载的方式错了，则需要退出CLion，然后把redis根目录下的.idea文件全部删掉，再重新加载。

配置完之后，右键点击根目录下的CMakeLists.txt，选择Reload CMake Project。此时右上角会出现redis-server|Debug的运行选项，点击调试可以运行redis-server。

报错问题汇总

1）编译报错error: unknown type name ‘Dl_info’

首次编译的时候会遇到编译错误：

FAILED: CMakeFiles/redis-server.dir/src/debug.c.o 
/cygdrive/g/Projects/Git_Projects/redis-6.2.6/src/debug.c: In function 'dumpX86Calls':
/cygdrive/g/Projects/Git_Projects/redis-6.2.6/src/debug.c:1753:5: error: unknown type name 'Dl_info'

没有类型D1_info，因为这是一个调试文件，然后其中的函数没有调用，我的解决办法是把相关的函数注释掉。主要是src/debug.c文件中的dumpX86Calls函数和dumpCodeAroundEIP两个函数注释掉就可以了。

2）缺少release.h

进入cygwin安装好的用户文件目录，C:\develop\cygwin64\home\TPLN，拷贝文件mkreleasehdr.sh、release.c到此目录并右键运行mkreleasehdr.sh文件，生成release.h文件并copy到源码目录即可。