STM32存储左右互搏 SDIO总线读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡
SD/MicroSD/TF卡是基于FLASH的一种常见非易失存储单元，由接口协议电路和FLASH构成。市面上由不同尺寸和不同容量的卡，手机领域用的TF卡实际就是MicroSD卡，尺寸比SD卡小，而电路和协议操作则是一样。这里介绍STM32CUBEIDE开发平台HAL库SDIO总线操作SD/MicroSD/TF卡的例程。
SD/MicroSD/TF卡访问接口
SD/MicroSD/TF卡可以通过访问更快的SDIO专用协议接口或是访问慢一些的普通SPI接口进行操作，两种协议接口复用管脚。通过SDIO访问的接口连接方式如下：
其中CMD连接用于指示发送的是命令还是数据。CLK提供访问同步时钟，4根数据线(DATA0 ~ DATA3 )则实现信息双向传输。
SDIO可以操作在1bit数据线和4bit数据线模式，因为4bit数据线明显效率高于1bit数据线模式，所以1bit数据线模式很少用，只有在某种极限节省连接资源的情况下可以用1bit数据线模式，在1bit模式下，数据线DATA0用来传输数据，DATA1用作中断。在4bit数据线模式下，数据线DATA0~DATA3用于传输数据，其中DATA1复用作中断线。
例程采用STM32F103VET6芯片对4GB的TF卡进行操作，TF卡也可以插入转换卡套插入SD卡接口。
STM32工程配置
首先建立基本工程并设置时钟：
配置SDIO接口：
配置使用DMA, 优先级可以根据需要调整:
配置UART1作为控制和打印输出接口：
保存并生成初始工程代码：
STM32工程代码
UART串口printf打印输出实现参考：STM32 UART串口printf函数应用及浮点打印代码空间节省 (HAL)
对SD/MicroSD/TF卡的SDIO接口操作可以调用HAL库函数进行，代码实现在main.c文件里，实现如下功能：
- 串口收到0x01指令，查询SD/MicroSD/TF卡容量等信息
- 串口收到0x02指令，执行特定区域（块0）的擦除
- 串口收到0x03指令，阻塞模式执行写操作
- 串口收到0x04指令，阻塞模式执行读操作
- 串口收到0x05指令，中断模式执行写操作
- 串口收到0x06指令，中断模式执行读操作
- 串口收到0x07指令，DMA模式执行写操作
- 串口收到0x08指令，DMA模式执行读操作
完整的main.c代码如下：
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "string.h"
#include "usart.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
__IO float usDelayBase;
void PY_usDelayTest(void)
{
__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;
__IO uint32_t counter = 0;
firstms = HAL_GetTick()+1;
secondms = firstms+1;
while(uwTick!=firstms) ;
while(uwTick!=secondms) counter++;
usDelayBase = ((float)counter)/1000;
}
void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay)
{
__IO uint32_t delayReg;
__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)(Delay*usDelayBase);
delayReg = 0;
while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}
void PY_usDelayOptimize(void)
{
__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;
__IO float coe = 1.0;
firstms = HAL_GetTick();
PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;
secondms = HAL_GetTick();
coe = ((float)1000)/(secondms-firstms);
usDelayBase = coe*usDelayBase;
}
void PY_Delay_us(uint32_t Delay)
{
__IO uint32_t delayReg;
__IO uint32_t msNum = Delay/1000;
__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)((Delay%1000)*usDelayBase);
if(msNum>0) HAL_Delay(msNum);
delayReg = 0;
while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
//#define BLOCKSIZE 512U /*!< Block size is 512 bytes */
#define BLOCK_START_ADDR 0 /* Block start address */
#define NUM_OF_BLOCKS 1 /* Total number of blocks */
#define BUFFER_WORDS_SIZE ((BLOCKSIZE * NUM_OF_BLOCKS) >> 2) /* Total data size in bytes */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SD_HandleTypeDef hsd;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_sdio;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t uart1_rxd[256];
uint8_t uart1_txd[256];
uint8_t cmd;
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t SD_Buffer_Tx[512] = {0} ;
uint8_t SD_Buffer_Rx[512] = {0};
uint32_t SD_Status = 0;
uint32_t SD_Rx_Int = 0;
uint32_t SD_Tx_Int = 0;
void SD_DMA_INIT_M2P(SD_HandleTypeDef* hsd) //DMA init: memory --> peripheral
{
HAL_DMA_DeInit(&hdma_sdio);
/* SDIO DMA Init */
/* SDIO Init */
hdma_sdio.Instance = DMA2_Channel4;
hdma_sdio.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
hdma_sdio.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_WORD;
hdma_sdio.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_WORD;
hdma_sdio.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
hdma_sdio.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_sdio) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* Several peripheral DMA handle pointers point to the same DMA handle.
Be aware that there is only one channel to perform all the requested DMAs. */
/* Be sure to change transfer direction before calling
HAL_SD_ReadBlocks_DMA or HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA. */
__HAL_LINKDMA(hsd,hdmarx,hdma_sdio);
__HAL_LINKDMA(hsd,hdmatx,hdma_sdio);
}
void SD_DMA_INIT_P2M(SD_HandleTypeDef* hsd) //DMA init: memory <-- peripheral
{
HAL_DMA_DeInit(&hdma_sdio);
/* SDIO DMA Init */
/* SDIO Init */
hdma_sdio.Instance = DMA2_Channel4;
hdma_sdio.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
hdma_sdio.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
hdma_sdio.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_WORD;
hdma_sdio.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_WORD;
hdma_sdio.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
hdma_sdio.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_sdio) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* Several peripheral DMA handle pointers point to the same DMA handle.
Be aware that there is only one channel to perform all the requested DMAs. */
/* Be sure to change transfer direction before calling
HAL_SD_ReadBlocks_DMA or HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA. */
__HAL_LINKDMA(hsd,hdmarx,hdma_sdio);
__HAL_LINKDMA(hsd,hdmatx,hdma_sdio);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_SDIO_SD_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
PY_usDelayTest();
PY_usDelayOptimize();
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, uart1_rxd, 1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/*HAL_SD_CARD_TRANSFER is the operate correct and complete status for SD card operation*/
if(cmd==0x01) //Get SD card information
{
cmd = 0;
printf("\r\n SD card test...\r\n");
if(HAL_SD_GetCardState(&hsd) == HAL_SD_CARD_TRANSFER) //Get SD card resource info
{
printf("\r\n Initialize SD card successful!\r\n");
printf(" SD card information↓ \r\n");
printf(" Card Capacity : %llu \r\n", (unsigned long long)hsd.SdCard.BlockSize * hsd.SdCard.BlockNbr);
printf(" One block size in bytes : %d \r\n", (int)hsd.SdCard.BlockSize);
printf(" Logical Capacity in blocks : %d \r\n", (int)hsd.SdCard.LogBlockNbr);
printf(" Logical block size in bytes : %d \r\n", (int)hsd.SdCard.LogBlockSize);
printf(" Relative Card Address : %d \r\n", (int)hsd.SdCard.RelCardAdd);
printf(" Card Type : %d \r\n", (int)hsd.SdCard.CardType);
HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef sdcard_cid;
HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&sdcard_cid); //Get SD card vendor info
printf(" Manufacturer ID: %d \r\n", (int)sdcard_cid.ManufacturerID);
}
else
{
printf("\r\n SD card initiation failed!\r\n" );
}
}
else if(cmd==0x02) //Erase SD card block
{
cmd = 0;
printf("\r\n------------------- Block Erase -------------------------------\r\n");
if(HAL_SD_Erase(&hsd, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS) == HAL_OK) //Erase block operation
{
while(HAL_SD_GetCardState(&hsd) != HAL_SD_CARD_TRANSFER) PY_Delay_us_t(10);
printf("\r\n Erase Block Successful!\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Erase Block Failed!\r\n");
}
}
else if(cmd==0x03) //SD card write in block mode
{
cmd = 0;
memset(SD_Buffer_Tx, 0xAA, sizeof(SD_Buffer_Tx)); //0xAA written into buffer for this test
printf("\r\n------------------- Write SD card block data in block mode ------------------\r\n");
__disable_irq();
SD_Status = HAL_SD_WriteBlocks(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Tx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS, 0xFFFFFFFF); //Write block operation in block mode
if(SD_Status==HAL_OK)
{
while(HAL_SD_GetCardState(&hsd) != HAL_SD_CARD_TRANSFER) PY_Delay_us_t(10); //Wait for write end
printf("\r\n Write block data in block mode successful!\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Write block data in block mode failed!\r\n");
}
__enable_irq();
}
else if(cmd==0x04) //SD card read in block mode
{
cmd = 0;
printf("\r\n------------------- Read SD card block data in block mode ------------------\r\n");
__disable_irq();
SD_Status = HAL_SD_ReadBlocks(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Rx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS, 0xFFFFFFFF); //read block operation in block mode
if( SD_Status== HAL_OK)
{
while(HAL_SD_GetCardState(&hsd) != HAL_SD_CARD_TRANSFER) PY_Delay_us_t(10); //Wait for read end
printf("\r\n Read block data in block mode successful!\r\n");
for(uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(SD_Buffer_Rx); i++)
{
printf("0x%02x:%02x ", (unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)SD_Buffer_Rx[i]);
}
printf("\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Read block data in block mode failed!\r\n");
}
__enable_irq();
}
else if(cmd==0x05) //SD card write in INT mode
{
cmd = 0;
memset(SD_Buffer_Tx, 0x55, sizeof(SD_Buffer_Tx)); //0x55 written into buffer for this test
printf("\r\n------------------- Write SD card block data in INT mode ------------------\r\n");
SD_Tx_Int = 1;
SD_Status = HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_IT(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Tx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS); //write block operation in INT mode
if(SD_Status== HAL_OK)
{
while(SD_Tx_Int==1) PY_Delay_us_t(1); //Wait for write end
printf("\r\n Write block data in INT mode successful!\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Write block data in INT mode failed!\r\n");
}
}
else if(cmd==0x06) //SD card read in INT mode
{
cmd = 0;
printf("\r\n------------------- Read SD card block data in INT mode ------------------\r\n");
SD_Rx_Int = 1;
SD_Status = HAL_SD_ReadBlocks_IT(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Rx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS); //read block operation in INT mode
if( SD_Status== HAL_OK)
{
while(SD_Rx_Int==1) PY_Delay_us_t(1); //Wait for read end
printf("\r\n Read block data in INT mode successful!\r\n");
for(uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(SD_Buffer_Rx); i++)
{
printf("0x%02x:%02x ", (unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)SD_Buffer_Rx[i]);
}
printf("\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Read block data in INT mode failed!\r\n");
}
}
else if(cmd==0x07) //SD card write in DMA mode
{
cmd = 0;
SD_DMA_INIT_M2P(&hsd); //Switch DMA mode direction
memset(SD_Buffer_Tx, 0x5A, sizeof(SD_Buffer_Tx)); //0x5A written into buffer for this test
printf("\r\n------------------- Write SD card block data in DMA mode ------------------\r\n");
SD_Tx_Int = 1;
SD_Status = HAL_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Tx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS); //write block operation in DMA mode
if(SD_Status== HAL_OK)
{
while(SD_Tx_Int==1) PY_Delay_us_t(1); //Wait for write end
printf("\r\n Write block data in DMA mode successful!\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Write block data in DMA mode failed!\r\n");
}
}
else if(cmd==0x08) //SD card read in DMA mode
{
cmd = 0;
SD_DMA_INIT_P2M(&hsd); //Switch DMA mode direction
printf("\r\n------------------- Read SD card block data in DMA mode ------------------\r\n");
SD_Rx_Int = 1;
SD_Status = HAL_SD_ReadBlocks_DMA(&hsd, SD_Buffer_Rx, BLOCK_START_ADDR, NUM_OF_BLOCKS); //read block operation in DMA mode
if( SD_Status== HAL_OK)
{
while(SD_Rx_Int==1) PY_Delay_us_t(1); //Wait for read end
printf("\r\n Read block data in DMA mode successful!\r\n");
for(uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(SD_Buffer_Rx); i++)
{
printf("0x%02x:%02x ", (unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)SD_Buffer_Rx[i]);
}
printf("\r\n");
}
else
{
printf("\r\n Read block data in DMA mode failed!\r\n");
}
}
else;
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief SDIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */
hsd.Instance = SDIO;
hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;
hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_DISABLE;
hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;
hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B;
hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLE;
hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 6;
if (HAL_SD_Init(&hsd) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief USART1 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
huart1.Instance = USART1;
huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */
}
/**
* Enable DMA controller clock
*/
static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{
/* DMA controller clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();
/* DMA interrupt init */
/* DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn);
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart==&huart1)
{
cmd = uart1_rxd[0];
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, uart1_rxd, 1);
}
}
void HAL_SD_TxCpltCallback(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd)
{
SD_Tx_Int = 0;
}
void HAL_SD_RxCpltCallback(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd)
{
SD_Rx_Int = 0;
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
STM32例程测试
串口指令0x01测试效果如下：
串口指令0x02测试效果如下：
串口指令0x03测试效果如下：
串口指令0x04测试效果如下：
串口指令0x05测试效果如下：
串口指令0x06测试效果如下：
串口指令0x07测试效果如下：
串口指令0x08测试效果如下：
STM32例程下载
STM32F103VET6 SDIO总线读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡例程下载
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