PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程

第一步、生成公私钥

第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥

第1种：公私钥弄成一行，必须一行没有空格和换行

第2种：直接复制生成公私钥

第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀

第三步、RSA加解密

第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名

第五步、封装完整代码

第一步、生成公私钥

在线生成公钥私钥对，RSA公私钥生成-ME2在线工具

密钥长度：
- RSA 密钥通常有不同的长度，通常以位数来表示，如 1024 位、2048 位等。一般来说，密钥长度越长，加密强度越高，但同时也会增加加密和解密的计算复杂度。一般推荐使用 2048 位或更长的 RSA 密钥来确保较高的安全性。
密钥格式：
- OpenSSL 中的私钥通常采用 PEM 格式（Privacy-Enhanced Mail，即隐私增强邮件）存储。PEM 格式的密钥是经过 Base64 编码的文本字符串，通常以 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- 开头，以 -----END PRIVATE KEY----- 结尾。
- 另外，私钥也可以存储在 PKCS#12 格式的证书文件中，通常以 .p12 或 .pfx 结尾。这些文件通常包含私钥、公钥和证书链等信息。

第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥

第1种：公私钥弄成一行，必须一行没有空格和换行

$publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';
$privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';

转化能使用的密钥资源

如果私钥不是资源类型，则将私钥进行处理，将其转换为 PEM 格式。这里使用 chunk_split 函数将私钥按照每行64个字符的长度进行分割，并在适当的位置插入换行符 \n。

在拼接完整的 PEM 格式私钥之后，再使用 openssl_pkey_get_private 函数将 PEM 格式的私钥转换为 OpenSSL 的私钥资源

$pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n");
$pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem. "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";

$pem2 = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n");
$pem2 = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem2 . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";

第2种：直接复制生成公私钥

$publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+
8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oI
tBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3x
Q4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr
0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/
g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH
+QIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

$privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";

openssl_pkey_get_public和openssl_pkey_get_private是PHP OpenSSL扩展提供的两个函数。

openssl_pkey_get_public函数用于获取公钥，它可以从一个证书文件或PEM格式的公钥字符串中提取公钥信息，并返回一个公钥资源

$publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);
$privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);

第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀

$publicKeyString = file_get_contents('public.pem');
$privateKeyString = file_get_contents('private.pem');

$publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);
$privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);

第三步、RSA加解密

RSA加密

公钥加密 openssl_public_encrypt => 私钥解密 openssl_private_decrypt

私钥加密 openssl_private_encrypt => 公钥解密 openssl_public_decrypt

1. 公钥加密、私钥解密：
- 使用公钥加密数据：发送方使用接收方的公钥对数据进行加密。
- 使用私钥解密数据：只有拥有相应私钥的接收方才能使用私钥解密并获取原始数据。

2. 私钥加密、公钥解密：
- 使用私钥加密数据：发送方使用自己的私钥对数据进行加密。
- 使用公钥解密数据：接收方使用发送方的公钥来解密并获取原始数据。

<?php



// 待加密的数据
$data = "Hello, RSA!";

// 使用公钥加密数据
openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey);

// 使用私钥解密数据
openssl_private_decrypt($encryptedWithPublicKey, $decryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey);

// 使用私钥加密数据
openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey);

// 使用公钥解密数据
openssl_public_decrypt($encryptedWithPrivateKey, $decryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey);

// 输出结果
echo "原始数据: " . $data . "\n";
echo "公钥加密，私钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPrivateKey . "\n";
echo "私钥加密，公钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPublicKey . "\n";
?>

第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名


    /**
     * 构造签名
     * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
     * @return string
     */
    public function sign($dataString)
    {
      
        $signature = false;
        openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $privKey);
        return base64_encode($signature);
    }
 
    /**
     * 验证签名
     * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
     * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串
     * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误
     */
    public function verify($dataString, $signString)
    {
      
        $signature = base64_decode($signString);
        $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $PubKey);
        return $flg;
     }

第五步、封装完整代码

<?php
class  RSA{
    protected $publicKey;
    protected $privateKey;
    //$type  1长类型 2完整key  3文件内完整key
    public function __construct($publicKey = '', $privateKey = '', $type=1){
        $this->setKey($publicKey, $privateKey, $type);
    }

    public function setKey($publicKey = null, $privateKey = null, $type=1)
    {
        if (!is_null($publicKey)) {
            $this->setupPubKey($publicKey, $type);
        }
        if (!is_null($privateKey)) {
            $this->setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type);
        }
    }

    private function setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type)
    {
        if (is_resource($this->privateKey)) {
            return true;
        }

        if ($type == 1) {
            $pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n");
            $pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";
            $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($pem);
        } elseif ($type == 2) {
            $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKey);
        } elseif ($type == 3) {
            $privateKeyString = file_get_contents($privateKey);
            $this->privateKey= openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);
        }

        return true;
    }

    private function setupPubKey($publicKey, $type=1)
    {
        if (is_resource($this->publicKey)) {
            return true;
        }
        if ($type == 1) {
            $pem = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n");
            $pem = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";
            $this->publicKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($pem);
        } elseif ($type == 2) {
            $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKey);
        } elseif ($type == 3) {
            $pubString = file_get_contents($publicKey);
            $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($pubString);
        }

        return true;
    }

    public function privEncrypt($data)
    {
        if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->privateKey)) {
            return null;
        }

        $r = openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->privateKey);
        if ($r === true) {
            return base64_encode($encrypted);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public function privDecrypt($encrypted)
    {
        if (!is_string($encrypted) || empty($this->privateKey)) {
            return null;
        }

        $encrypted = base64_decode($encrypted);
        $r = openssl_private_decrypt($encrypted, $decrypted, $this->privateKey);
        if ($r === true) {
            return $decrypted;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public function pubEncrypt($data)
    {
        if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->publicKey)) {
            return null;
        }

        $r = openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->publicKey);
        if ($r === true) {
            return base64_encode($encrypted);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public function pubDecrypt($crypted)
    {
        if (!is_string($crypted) || empty($this->publicKey)) {
            return null;
        }

        $crypted = base64_decode($crypted);
        $r = openssl_public_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $this->publicKey);
        if ($r === true) {
            return $decrypted;
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 构造签名
     * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
     * @return string
     */
    public function sign($dataString)
    {
        $signature = false;
        openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $this->privateKey);
        return base64_encode($signature);
    }

    /**
     * 验证签名
     * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
     * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串
     * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误
     */
    public function verify($dataString, $signString)
    {

        $signature = base64_decode($signString);
        $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $this->publicKey);
        return $flg;
    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        is_resource($this->privateKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->privateKey);
        is_resource($this->publicKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->publicKey);
    }
}
/*$publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';
$privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';
$rsa = new RSA($publicKey, $privateKey, 1);*/
$publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+
8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oI
tBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3x
Q4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr
0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/
g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH
+QIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";

$privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";
//$rsa = new RSA($publicKeyString, $privateKeyString, 2);
$rsa = new RSA("public.pem", "private.pem", 3);
echo "私钥加密 公钥解密";
echo "<br/>";
$s = $rsa->privEncrypt("abc");
echo $rsa->pubDecrypt($s);
echo "<br/>";
echo "公钥加密，私钥解密";
echo "<br/>";
$d = $rsa->pubEncrypt("dfg");
echo $rsa->privDecrypt($d);
echo "<br/>";
echo "签名";
echo "<br/>";
$str="a=1&b=2";
$sign=$rsa->sign($str);
echo $sign;
$res6=$rsa->verify($str,$sign);
echo "<br/>";
echo "验证签结果:".$res6;