一、基于函数的视图FBV（Function-Based View）

通过定义一个函数，包含HttpRequest对象作为参数，用来接受客户端请求，然后返回HttpResponse对象做为响应放回给客户端。

1.1 先定义一个模板文件

在template中定义一个模板文件persondetail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Person Details</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ Person }}
    {{ Person.name }}
    {{ Person.phone }}
</body>
</html>

1.2 在views.py中创建一个函数person_detail

def person_detail(request: HttpRequest, pk: int):
    """
        Show person detail
        pk: the primarykey of person.
    """

    try:
        p = Person.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Person.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("Person Does Not Exist.")
    return render(request, "persondetail.html", {"Person": p})

1.3 在urls.py中添加新的url

from django.urls import path, re_path
from serverapp import views as serverapp_views


urlpatterns = [
    path('test/2023', serverapp_views.test),        # 精确匹配
    path('converter/<int:num>', serverapp_views.converter),         # 格式转换
    re_path(r'^re/(?P<num>[0-9]{1,4})/$', serverapp_views.rematch),         # 正则表达式,通过添加起止符限制匹配，避免中间多级路径后匹配到，造成错误匹配。
    path('person', serverapp_views.get_person),        # 获取人员信息
    path('personform', serverapp_views.get_personform),        # 使用表单获取人员信息
    path('person_detail/<int:pk>', serverapp_views.person_detail)         # 视图演示，展示人员信息
]

1.4 运行软件，在客户端访问

二、基于类的视图CBV（Class-Based View）

基于类的视图与基于函数的视图大同小异，只不过是使用类代替函数。

2.1 再views.py文件中定义类

class PersonDetailView(View):
    """人员信息视图类"""

    form_class = PersonForm                 # 定义表单类
    initial = {"key":"value"}               # 定义表单初始值
    tamplate_name = "personform.html"     # templage file name

    def get(self, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs):
        """Get method"""

        # 渲染表单
        return render(request, self.tamplate_name, {"personform": self.form_class(initial= self.initial)})
    
    def post(self, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs):
        """POST method"""

        form = self.form_class(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # get data
            name = form.cleaned_data['name']
            phone = form.cleaned_data['phone']

            return HttpResponse(f"The peson name is {name}, phone is {phone}")
        
        return render(request, self.tamplate_name, {"personform": form})

2.2 注册新的url

from django.urls import path, re_path
from serverapp import views as serverapp_views


urlpatterns = [
    path('test/2023', serverapp_views.test),        # 精确匹配
    path('converter/<int:num>', serverapp_views.converter),         # 格式转换
    re_path(r'^re/(?P<num>[0-9]{1,4})/$', serverapp_views.rematch),         # 正则表达式,通过添加起止符限制匹配，避免中间多级路径后匹配到，造成错误匹配。
    path('person', serverapp_views.get_person),        # 获取人员信息
    path('personform', serverapp_views.get_personform),        # 使用表单获取人员信息
    path('person_detail/<int:pk>', serverapp_views.person_detail) ,        # 视图演示，展示人员信息
    path('personformview', serverapp_views.PersonDetailView.as_view())         # 基于类的视图
]

2.3 定义html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>User Name</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!--action 是访问的url-->
    <form action="/serverapp/personformview" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}        <!--防止跨域攻击-->
        {{ personform }}        <!--引用表单，views函数中定义的名称一致-->
        <button type="submit">提交</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>