搭建高可用的web集群.部署网站
包含数据库,ceph/nfs,haproxy,keepalived,ansible部署
1,配置ansible管理环境
创建工作目录,编写ansible配置文件,和主机清单文件,yum配置文件
将yum文件到控制机上,然后用模块上传到被管理机器上
#vim 01-upload-repo.yml
---
- name: config repos.d
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: delete repos.d
file:
path: /etc/yum.repos.d
state: absent
- name: create repos.d
file:
path: /etc/yum.repos.d
state: directory
mode: '0755'
- name: upload local88
copy:
src: files/local88.repo
dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/配置web1服务:
# vim 02-config-web1.yml
---
- name: config web1
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: install pkgs # 安装软件包
yum:
name:
- nginx
- mysql-server
- php-mysqlnd #数据库包
- php-fpm #解释器包
- php-json
state: present
- name: start service # 循环启动多个服务
service:
name: "{{item}}"
state: started
enabled: yes
loop:
- nginx
- php-fpm
- mysqld编写php文件测试页面是否站起,测试完删除,不然影响后期操作
#vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>安装Wordpress网站，需要数据库，创建数据库并授权
此方法可以安装多种网站如:discursion,zabbix等
1. 编写用于创建数据库和用户的脚本
vim files/config_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -e "create database wordpress character set utf8mb4"
mysql -e "create user wpuser01@localhost identified by 'wordpress'"
mysql -e "grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wpuser01@localhost"
2. 通过ansible的script模块执行脚本
[root@pubserver project01]# vim 03-config-mysql.yml
---
- name: config mysql
hosts: web1
tasks:
- name: create database
script: files/config_mysql.sh
[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 03-config-mysql.yml
# 3. 测试账号，如果可以成功登陆mysql，则数据库和用户创建正确
[root@web1 ~]# mysql -uwpuser01 -pwordpress -hlocalhost wordpress部署wordpress
在gitee拉取代码,搭建web,解压缩放在html下
cp -r wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/
# 3. php程序是由php-fpm处理的，php-fpm以apache身份运行
[root@web1 ~]# ps aux | grep php-fpm
root 5655 0.0 0.4 395620 19056 ? Ss 12:13 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
apache 5670 0.0 0.3 412108 13812 ? S 12:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
# 4. 为了让php-fpm程序能对html目录进行读写操作，需要为他授予权限
[root@web1 ~]# chown -R apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/html/注意：注销登陆后，如果再次登陆，需访问http://192.168.88.11/wp-login.php
web与数据库服务分离
搭建数据库服务器:
# 2. 安装数据库服务，并创建数据库及用户
[root@pubserver project01]# vim files/config_mysql2.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -e "create database wordpress character set utf8mb4"
mysql -e "create user wpuser01@'%' identified by 'wordpress'"
mysql -e "grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wpuser01@'%'"
[root@pubserver project01]# vim 04-config-database.yml
---
- name: config database
hosts: dbs
tasks:
- name: install mysql # 安装数据库服务
yum:
name: mysql-server
state: present
- name: start service # 启动数据库服务
service:
name: mysqld
state: started
enabled: yes
- name: create database
script: files/config_mysql2.sh
迁移数据库
首先发布停服更新通知
注意：默认的wordpress对中文标题支持有bug，需要修改源码修复bug。或者更改【固定链接】配置，如下：
# 1. 在源服务器上备份数据库中的数据。备份数据库wordpress中的数据到wordpress.sql文件
[root@web1 ~]# mysqldump wordpress > wordpress.sql
# 2. 将备份文件拷贝到新数据库服务器
[root@web1 ~]# scp wordpress.sql 192.168.88.21:/root/
# 3. 在新数据库服务器上，导入数据。将wordpress.sql中的数据导入到wordpress数据库中
[root@database ~]# mysql wordpress < wordpress.sql
# 4. 修改php网站，将数据库服务器地址，指向新数据库服务器
[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php
...略...
31 /** Database hostname */
32 define( 'DB_HOST', '192.168.88.21' );
...略...
# 5. 停止web1上的数据库服务，wordpress网站仍然可以访问
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@web1 ~]# yum remove -y mysql-server
# 6. 停止database上的数据库服务，wordpress将不能访问- 查询数据库中的内容
[root@database ~]# mysql # 打开mysql命令行
mysql> show databases; # 查看有哪些数据
mysql> use wordpress; # 切换到wordpress数据库
mysql> show tables; # 查看wordpress库中有哪些表
mysql> select * from wp_posts\G # 查看wp_posts表中的内容
配置额外的web服务器
一台难以解决高并发,高可用.多台
# 2. 配置web服务器
[root@pubserver project01]# vim 05-config-webservers.yml
---
- name: config webservers
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: install pkgs # 安装软件包
yum:
name:
- nginx
- php-mysqlnd
- php-fpm
- php-json
state: present
- name: start service # 循环启动多个服务
service:
name: "{{item}}"
state: started
enabled: yes
loop:
- nginx
- php-fpm将web1的html目录打包并下载:
---
- name: copy web
hosts: web1
tasks:
- name: compress html # 压缩html目录到/root下
archive:
path: /usr/share/nginx/html
dest: /root/html.tar.gz
format: gz
- name: download html # 下载压缩文件
fetch:
src: /root/html.tar.gz
dest: files/
flat: yes释放html压缩包到其他web服务上
---
- name: deploy web2 and web3
hosts: web2,web3
tasks:
- name: unarchive to web # 解压文件到指定位置
unarchive:
src: files/html.tar.gz
dest: /usr/share/nginx/配置NFS服务器
---
- name: config nfs
hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: install nfs # 安装nfs
yum:
name: nfs-utils
state: present
- name: mkdir /nfs_root # 创建共享目录
file:
path: /nfs_root
state: directory
mode: "0755"
- name: nfs share # 修改配置文件
lineinfile:
path: /etc/exports
line: '/nfs_root 192.168.88.0/24(rw)'
- name: start service # 循环启动服务
service:
name: "{{item}}"
state: started
enabled: yes
loop:
- rpcbind # nfs服务依赖rpcbind服务
- nfs-servershowmount -e #查看共享输出
迁移文件至nfs共享:
下载web1的html目录
---
- name: copy web
hosts: web1
tasks:
- name: compress html # 压缩html目录到/root下
archive:
path: /usr/share/nginx/html
dest: /root/html2.tar.gz
format: gz
- name: download html
fetch:
src: /root/html2.tar.gz # 下载压缩文件
dest: files/
flat: yes
释放压缩包到nfs服务器
---
- name: deploy nfs
hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: unarchive to web # 将控制端压缩文件解压到指定位置
unarchive:
src: files/html2.tar.gz
dest: /nfs_root/
清除web服务器的html目录
---
- name: rm html
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: rm html
file:
path: /usr/share/nginx/html
state: absent
- name: create html
file:
path: /usr/share/nginx/html
state: directory
owner: apache
group: apache
mode: "0755"挂载到web服务器上面
---
- name: mount nfs
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: install nfs
yum:
name: nfs-utils
state: present
- name: mount nfs
mount:
path: /usr/share/nginx/html
src: 192.168.88.31:/nfs_root/html
fstype: nfs
state: mounted配置代理服务器
[webservers]
web1 ansible_host=192.168.88.11
web2 ansible_host=192.168.88.12
web3 ansible_host=192.168.88.13
[dbs]
database ansible_host=192.168.88.21
[storages]
nfs ansible_host=192.168.88.31
[lb]
haproxy1 ansible_host=192.168.88.5
haproxy2 ansible_host=192.168.88.6
[all:vars]
ansible_ssh_user=root
ansible_ssh_pass=a配置高可用、负载均衡功能
# 1. 配置yum
[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 01-upload-repo.yml
# 2. 配置调度服务器
[root@pubserver project01]# vim 13-install-lb.yml
---
- name: install lb
hosts: lb
tasks:
- name: install pkg
yum:
name: haproxy,keepalived
state: present
[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 13-install-lb.yml
# 3. 修改配置文件并启动服务
[root@pubserver project01]# vim 14-config-lb.yml
---
- name: config haproxy
hosts: lb
tasks:
- name: rm lines
shell: sed -i '64,$d' /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
- name: add lines
blockinfile:
path: /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
block: |
listen wordpress
bind 0.0.0.0:80
balance roundrobin
server web1 192.168.88.11:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
server web2 192.168.88.12:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
server web3 192.168.88.13:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
listen mon
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats refresh 30s
stats uri /mon stats auth admin:admin
- name: start service
service:
name: haproxy
state: started
enabled: yes
[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 14-config-lb.yml
# 4. haproxy1配置keepalived，实现高可用集群
[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
...略...
12 router_id haproxy1 # 为本机取一个唯一的id
13 vrrp_iptables # 自动开启iptables放行规则
...略...
20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
21 state MASTER # 主服务器状态是MASTER
22 interface eth0
23 virtual_router_id 51
24 priority 100
25 advert_int 1
26 authentication {
27 auth_type PASS
28 auth_pass 1111
29 }
30 virtual_ipaddress {
31 192.168.88.80 # vip地址
32 }
33 }
# 以下全部删除
# 5. haproxy2配置keepalived
[root@haproxy1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.88.6:/etc/keepalived/
[root@haproxy2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
...略...
12 router_id haproxy2 # 为本机取一个唯一的id
13 vrrp_iptables # 自动开启iptables放行规则
...略...
20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
21 state BACKUP # 备份服务器状态是BACKUP
22 interface eth0
23 virtual_router_id 51
24 priority 80 # 备份服务器优先级低于主服务器
25 advert_int 1
26 authentication {
27 auth_type PASS
28 auth_pass 1111
29 }
30 virtual_ipaddress {
31 192.168.88.80
32 }
33 }
# 6. 启动服务
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service --now
[root@haproxy2 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service --now
# 7. 验证。haproxy1上出现VIP。客户端访问http://192.168.88.80即可
[root@haproxy1 ~]# ip a s | grep 192
inet 192.168.88.5/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.80/32 scope global eth0
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