1、在linux下，测试tcp保活，可以使用tcp自带keepalive功能。
2、几个重要参数：
-
tcp_keepalive_time：对端在指定时间内没有数据传输，则向对端发送一个keepalive packet，单位：秒
-
tcp_keepalive_intvl：向对端发送了一个keepalive packet,如果对端无响应，则等待tcp_keepalive_intvl秒后再次发送一个keepalive packet
-
tcp_keepalive_probes：向对端发送一个keepalive packet，如果对端没有响应，重发的次数,如果tcp_keepalive_probes次数后，对端都可以响应，则表示这个socket已经断开，本地可以可以关闭这个socket上连接。
3、修改三个参数的系统默认值
上述三个参数当前配置可以在 /proc/sys/net/ipv4查看
可以使用cat查看具体配置，比如
- 全局设置:可更改/etc/sysctl.conf,加上:
sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 20
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60
保存：wq
重启系统：sudo reboot
4、编程设置keeepalive:
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
/*开始设置保活机制*/
int val = 1;
if (setsockopt(nc->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &val, sizeof val) != 0)
{
perror("Set SO_KEEPALIVE fail");
}
/* Default settings are more or less garbage, with the keepalive time
* set to 7200 by default on Linux. Modify settings to make the feature
* actually useful. */
/* Send first probe after interval. */
val = 10;
if (setsockopt(nc->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPIDLE, &val, sizeof(val)) < 0)
{
perror("Set TCP_KEEPIDLE fail");
}
/* Send next probes after the specified interval. Note that we set the
* delay as interval / 3, as we send three probes before detecting
* an error (see the next setsockopt call). */
val = 3;
if (setsockopt(nc->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPINTVL, &val, sizeof(val)) < 0)
{
perror("Set TCP_KEEPINTVL fail");
}
/* Consider the socket in error state after three we send three ACK
* probes without getting a reply. */
val = 3;
if (setsockopt(nc->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_KEEPCNT, &val, sizeof(val)) < 0)
{
perror("Set TCP_KEEPCNT fail");
}5、查看通讯情况，打开wireshark,在过滤器输入设置keepalive的Ip格式为：ip.addr==xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
上图可以看到，
每隔10秒钟发送了一个keepalive packet.因为上述代码中，我们设置的TCP_KEEPIDLE=10
