Linux 之二：CentOS7 的 IP 常用命令和配置及 xshell 基本使用方法

1. 进入虚拟机

点击右键---进入终端--输入 ip adrr 或 ifconfig 查看ip地址

下面输入命令 ifconfig（注意：不是 ipconfig ）或 ip addr 来查看当前系统 IP

查看到IP 后，比如：上面是 192.168.184.137

1.1 IP 常用命令和配置

ifconfig 和 ip addr

ifconfig lo down ：卸载网卡。 lo 是网卡名称， down 是命令

想查看所有网卡，使用命令

ifconfig -a

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500      ## UP 和 RUNNING  表示启用状态
        inet 192.168.184.138  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.184.255
        inet6 fe80::66a4:cbb9:7e27:e836  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:62:64:5d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 578379  bytes 825280501 (787.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 245312  bytes 14903334 (14.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>  mtu 65536                        ## 禁用 卸载的状态。
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:3d:97:05  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 52:54:00:3d:97:05  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

再次启用网卡：

ifconfig lo up 启用 lo 网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig lo up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.184.138  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.184.255
        inet6 fe80::66a4:cbb9:7e27:e836  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:62:64:5d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 579055  bytes 825335264 (787.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 245362  bytes 14910528 (14.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536     ### 启用状态了
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

4.cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

5.traceroute 第一行就是自己的网关

6.ip route show

7.route -n

修改网络配置的文件：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

静态IP

修改文件目录：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

修改为静态：

BOOTPROTO=static
指定IP、网关、子网掩码、域名解析器
IPADDR=192.168.75.100
GATEWAY=192.168.75.2   # 需要先查下网关，一般为最后一段为2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8