贪吃蛇（C语言实现）

贪食蛇（也叫贪吃蛇）是一款经典的小游戏。

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本博客实现使用C语言在Windows环境的控制台中模拟实现贪吃蛇小游戏。

实行的基本功能：

• 贪吃蛇地图的绘制

• 蛇吃食物的功能（上、下、左、右方向键来控制蛇的方向）

• 蛇撞墙死亡

• 蛇撞自身死亡

• 计算得分

• 蛇身加速、减速

• 暂停游戏

主要框架（主要函数）：

GameStrat();//游戏开始前的初始化
GameRun();//玩游戏的过程
GameEnd();//善后工作（节点的释放）

游戏流程设计：

参考代码：

snake.h

#pragma once


#include <locale.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'


//蛇默认的起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5

#define KEY_PRESS(VK)  ( (GetAsyncKeyState(VK) & 0x1) ? 1 : 0 )

//游戏的状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
	OK=1,//正常运行
	ESC, //按了ESC键退出，正常退出
	KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙
	KILL_BY_SELF //撞到自身
};

//蛇行走的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP=1,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};

//蛇身结点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;


//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode pSnake;//维护整条蛇的指针，是指向蛇头
	pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针
	int Score;//当前累积的分数
	int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数
	int SleepTime;//蛇休眠的时间，休眠的时间越短，蛇的速度越快，休眠的时间越长，蛇的速度越慢
	enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
	enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
	//...
}Snake, * pSnake;


//定位控制台光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);

//游戏开始前的准备
void GameStart(pSnake ps);

//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();

//绘制地图
void CreateMap();

//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);

//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);

//游戏运行的整个逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);

//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();

//蛇移动的函数- 每次走一步
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);

//判断蛇头的下一步要走的位置处是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);

//下一步要走的位置处就是食物，就吃掉食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);

//下一步要走的位置处不是食物，不吃食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);

//检测是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);

//检测是否撞自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);

//游戏结束的资源释放
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

snake.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include "snake.h"

void SetPos(int x,int y)
{
	//获得设备句柄
	HANDLE hanlde = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//根据句柄设置光标的位置
	COORD pos = { x, y };
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(hanlde, pos);
}

void WelcomeToGame()
{
	//欢迎信息
	SetPos(35, 10);
	printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
	SetPos(38, 20);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");

	//功能介绍信息
	SetPos(15, 10);
	printf("用 ↑ . ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动，F3是加速，F4是减速");
	SetPos(15, 11);
	printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
	SetPos(38, 20);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void CreateMap()
{
	int i = 0;
	//上
	SetPos(0, 0);
	for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
	{
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//下
	SetPos(0, 26);
	for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
	{
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//左
	for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(0, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//右
	for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(56, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
}


void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
	//创建5个蛇身的结点
	pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
			return;
		}
		cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
		cur->y = POS_Y;
		cur->next = NULL;

		//头插法
		if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
		{
			ps->pSnake = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur->next = ps->pSnake;
			ps->pSnake = cur;
		}
	}

	//打印蛇身
	cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
	ps->dir = RIGHT;
	ps->FoodWeight = 10;
	ps->pFood = NULL;
	ps->Score = 0;
	ps->SleepTime = 200;
	ps->status = OK;
}

void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;

again:
	do
	{
		x = rand() % 53 + 2;
		y = rand() % 24 + 1;
	} while (x % 2 != 0);

	//坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的做坐标比较
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	//创建食物
	pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pFood == NULL)
	{
		perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
		return;
	}
	
	pFood->x = x;
	pFood->y = y;

	ps->pFood = pFood;
	SetPos(x, y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);

}



void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	//设置控制台的信息，窗口大小，窗口名
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	system("title 贪吃蛇");

	//隐藏光标
	HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);

	//打印欢迎信息
	WelcomeToGame();

	//绘制地图
	CreateMap();

	//初始化蛇
	InitSnake(ps);

	//创建食物
	CreateFood(ps);
}

void PrintHelpInfo()
{
	SetPos(62, 15);
	printf("1.不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
	SetPos(62, 16);
	printf("2.用 ↑.↓.←.→ 来控制蛇的移动"); 
	SetPos(62, 17);
	printf("3.F3是加速，F4是减速");

	SetPos(62, 19);
	printf("版权@比特就业课");
}


void pause()
{
	while (1)
	{
		Sleep(100);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}

int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
	if (ps->pFood->x == pNext->x && ps->pFood->y == pNext->y)
		return 1;//下一个坐标处是食物
	else
		return 0;
}

void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
	pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
	ps->pSnake = pNext;

	//打印蛇
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;

	//释放旧的食物
	free(ps->pFood);
	//新建食物
	CreateFood(ps);
}

void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
	//头插法
	pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
	ps->pSnake = pNext;

	//释放尾结点
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur->next->next)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
	SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");

	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;//易错
}


//检测是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 ||
		ps->pSnake->x == 56 ||
		ps->pSnake->y == 0 ||
		ps->pSnake->y == 26)
	{
		ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}

//检测是否撞自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;//从第二个节点开始
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
		{
			ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
			return;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}

void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode pNext = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pNext == NULL)
	{
		perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
		return;
	}
	pNext->next = NULL;

	switch (ps->dir)
	{
	case UP:
		pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
		pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
		pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT:
		pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x-2;
		pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT:
		pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x+2;
		pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
		break;
	}

	//下一个坐标处是否是食物
	if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
	{
		//是食物就吃掉
		EatFood(ps, pNext);
	}
	else
	{
		//不是食物就正常一步
		NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
	}
	
	//检测撞墙
	KillByWall(ps);

	//检测撞到自己
	KillBySelf(ps);
}


void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	//打印帮助信息
	PrintHelpInfo();

	do
	{
		//当前的分数情况
		SetPos(62, 10);
		printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
		SetPos(62, 11);
		printf("食物的分值:%02d\n", ps->FoodWeight);
	    //检测按键
		//上、下、左、右、ESC、空格、F3、F4
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
		{
			ps->dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
		{
			ps->dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->status = ESC;
			break;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			//游戏要暂定
			pause();//暂定和回复暂定
		}
		else if(KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
		{
			if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
			{
				ps->SleepTime -= 30;
				ps->FoodWeight += 2;
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
		{
			if (ps->FoodWeight > 2)
			{
				ps->SleepTime += 30;
				ps->FoodWeight -= 2;
			}
		}
		//走一步
		SnakeMove(ps);

		//睡眠一下
		Sleep(ps->SleepTime);

	} while (ps->status == OK);
}


void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	SetPos(15, 12);
	switch (ps->status)
	{
	case ESC:
		printf("主动退出游戏，正常退出\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		printf("很遗憾，撞墙了，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		printf("很遗憾，咬到自己了，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	}
	//释放贪吃蛇的链表资源
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	pSnakeNode del = NULL;

	while (cur)
	{
		del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
	free(ps->pFood);
	ps = NULL;
}

test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include "snake.h"

void test()
{
	//创建贪食蛇
	int ch = 0;
	do
	{
		Snake snake = { 0 };
		GameStart(&snake);//游戏开始前的初始化
		GameRun(&snake);//玩游戏的过程
		GameEnd(&snake);//善后的工作
		SetPos(20, 15);
		printf("再来一局吗？(Y/N):");
		ch = getchar();
		getchar();// 清理\n
	} while (ch == 'Y' || ch =='y');
}


int main()
{
	//修改适配本地中文环境
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

	test();//贪吃蛇游戏的测试
	SetPos(0, 27);
	return 0;
}