poetry库：依赖管理和打包工具

这个工具是在群里看见别人说好用的，所以了解一下。

1.poetry初始

官网：https://python-poetry.org/
项目仓库：https://github.com/python-poetry 或 https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry

教程：https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/

poetry 将所有的配置都放置在一个 toml 文件中，这些配置包括：依赖管理、构建、打包、发布。 poetry需要Python 3.8+。它是多平台的，目标是使其在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 上同样运行良好。

1.1安装

Poetry 应始终安装在专用的虚拟环境中，以将其与系统的其他部分隔离。在任何情况下都不应将其安装在由 Poetry 管理的项目环境中。这确保了Poetry自己的依赖项不会被意外升级或卸载。（以下每种安装方法均确保将 Poetry 安装到隔离环境中。）此外，不应激活安装 Poetry 的隔离虚拟环境来运行 Poetry 命令。【官方说的】

pipx install poetry

或
pipx install poetry==1.2.0

1.2配置

poetry 的项目配置文件是 pyproject.toml ，一个简单的示例文件如下：

[tool.poetry]
name = "poetry"
version = "0.11.5"
description = "Python dependency management and packaging made easy."
authors = [
    "Sébastien Eustace <sebastien@eustace.io>"
]
license = "MIT"

readme = "README.md"

homepage = "https://poetry.eustace.io/"
repository = "https://github.com/sdispater/poet"
documentation = "https://poetry.eustace.io/docs"

keywords = ["packaging", "dependency", "poetry"]

classifiers = [
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"
]

# Requirements
[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "~2.7 || ^3.4"
cleo = "^0.6.7"
requests = "^2.18"
cachy = "^0.2"
requests-toolbelt = "^0.8.0"
jsonschema = "^2.6"
pyrsistent = "^0.14.2"
pyparsing = "^2.2"
cachecontrol = { version = "^0.12.4", extras = ["filecache"] }
pkginfo = "^1.4"
html5lib = "^1.0"
shellingham = "^1.1"
tomlkit = "^0.4.4"

# The typing module is not in the stdlib in Python 2.7 and 3.4
typing = { version = "^3.6", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }

# Use pathlib2 for Python 2.7 and 3.4
pathlib2 = { version = "^2.3", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }
# Use virtualenv for Python 2.7 since venv does not exist
virtualenv = { version = "^16.0", python = "~2.7" }

[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
pytest = "^3.4"
pytest-cov = "^2.5"
mkdocs = "^1.0"
pymdown-extensions = "^4.9"
pygments = "^2.2"
pytest-mock = "^1.9"
pygments-github-lexers = "^0.0.5"
black = { version = "^18.3-alpha.0", python = "^3.6" }
pre-commit = "^1.10"
tox = "^3.0"


[tool.poetry.scripts]
poetry = "poetry.console:main"