文章目录
- 环境
- 安装
- 下载安装
- 启动
- 初始化
- Pipeline
- UI
- SCM(Source Control Management)
- 准备
- pipeline
- 参考
环境
- RHEL 9.3
- Jenkins 2.44.0.1
安装
参考 https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/#red-hat-centos
。
下载安装
[ding@192 ~]$ sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
--2024-03-02 18:13:19-- https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
Resolving pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 2a04:4e42:1a::645, 151.101.110.133
Connecting to pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|2a04:4e42:1a::645|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 85
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’
/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo 100%[========================================================================================================================================>] 85 --.-KB/s in 0s
2024-03-02 18:13:20 (3.03 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [85/85]
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key
sudo yum upgrade
sudo yum install fontconfig java-17-openjdk # Add required dependencies for the jenkins package
sudo yum install jenkins
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
启动
设置开机启动:
sudo systemctl enable jenkins
启动:
sudo systemctl start jenkins
检查Jenkins状态:
[ding@192 ~]$ sudo systemctl status jenkins
● jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-03-02 18:18:30 CST; 19s ago
Main PID: 9453 (java)
Tasks: 49 (limit: 22752)
Memory: 1.0G
CPU: 34.636s
CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service
└─9453 /usr/bin/java -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /usr/share/java/jenkins.war --webroot=/var/cache/jenkins/war --httpPort=8080
Mar 02 18:18:12 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: 9cc784ffe4ad46e4bb2b8a1a4116839b
Mar 02 18:18:12 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: This may also be found at: /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
Mar 02 18:18:12 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: *************************************************************
Mar 02 18:18:12 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: *************************************************************
Mar 02 18:18:12 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: *************************************************************
Mar 02 18:18:30 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: 2024-03-02 10:18:30.504+0000 [id=33] INFO jenkins.InitReactorRunner$1#onAttained: Completed initialization
Mar 02 18:18:30 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: 2024-03-02 10:18:30.526+0000 [id=24] INFO hudson.lifecycle.Lifecycle#onReady: Jenkins is fully up and running
Mar 02 18:18:30 192.168.1.11 systemd[1]: Started Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
Mar 02 18:18:31 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: 2024-03-02 10:18:31.611+0000 [id=49] INFO h.m.DownloadService$Downloadable#load: Obtained the updated data file for hudson.tasks.Maven.MavenInstaller
Mar 02 18:18:31 192.168.1.11 jenkins[9453]: 2024-03-02 10:18:31.613+0000 [id=49] INFO hudson.util.Retrier#start: Performed the action check updates server successfully at the attempt #1
至此,Jenkins已经安装好,并启动。
初始化
打开浏览器,访问 http://localhost:8080
:
按照提示,访问 /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
文件:
[ding@192 ~]$ sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
9cc784ffe4ad46e4bb2b8a1a4116839b
注:这个密码也是默认的 admin
用户的密码。
把文件内容复制到输入框,并点击“Continue”按钮。
对于新手,选择左边的默认的插件就行。点击后,开始安装:
大约需要几分钟时间,就安装好了,自动跳转到下一个页面:
填入用户名、密码、邮箱等信息,点击“Save and Continue”按钮,跳转到下一个页面:
默认的URL是 http://localhost:8080/
,无需修改,直接点击“Save and Finish”按钮,进入下一个页面:
点击“Start using Jenkins”按钮,进入Jenkins主页面:
至此,Jenkins初始化完成,可以开始工作了。
Pipeline
参考 https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/getting-started
。
UI
在Jenkins主页面,点击左上角的“New Item”:
在接下来的页面中,填入名字,选择“Pipeline”,然后点击“OK”按钮:
在接下来的“Config”页面,到页面最下面:
可见,默认选择的是“Pipeline script”。在“Script”框里,填写pipeline代码。
如果不知道写什么好,可以在右边的下拉列表里,选择一个,比如“Hello World”:
生成的代码如下:
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Hello') {
steps {
echo 'Hello World'
}
}
最后,点击“Save”按钮。至此,pipeline就创建好了。
接下来,点击左边的“Build Now”,运行 hello1
pipeline:
很快就可以看到,build运行成功了:
点击 #1
,然后点击 “Console Output”,可以查看log:
可见,确实输出了 Hello World
。
SCM(Source Control Management)
前面的例子,代码是直接写在Jenkins里的,缺点是移植性和可维护性比较差。
更好的方法是把代码写在文本文件里,用源码控制工具来管理。该文件被称为 Jenkinsfile
。Jenkins用源码控制工具把 Jenkinsfile'
pull下来,把它作为pipeline项目构建过程的一部分,然后来运行pipeline。
准备
首先要安装git。
然后在github创建一个项目 jenkinstest
。在项目根目录下,创建文件 Jenkinsfile
如下:
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Stage 1') {
steps {
echo 'Hello world!'
}
}
}
}
注:在其它位置创建 Jenkinsfile
也行,需在Jenkins里指定其路径。
pipeline
回到Jenkins主页面,点击左上角“New Item”,仍然选择“Pipeline”,拉到页面最下面,这次选择 Pipeline script from SCM
:
在 Repository URL
处,填写git repo的URL,本例为 https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest
。
在 Credentials
处,选择git的credential。如果还没有配置,则点击下方的 Add
按钮添加。
本例中,使用的是用户名密码的方式:
添加完成后,就可以选择它了:
接下来,在 Branch
处选择git branch,默认值是 */master
,本例中为 */main
。
在 Script Path
处选择 Jenkinsfile
的路径,默认值是 Jenkinsfile
,本例中文件名和路径都无需修改(即项目根目录下的 Jenkinsfile
文件)。
最后,点击“Save”按钮。
现在就可以运行pipeline了。点击左上角的 Build Now
,很快就能看到运行成功了:
点击 #1
,然后点击 Console Output
查看log:
Started by user ding
Obtained Jenkinsfile from git https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest
[Pipeline] Start of Pipeline
[Pipeline] node
Running on Jenkins in /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/hello2
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Declarative: Checkout SCM)
[Pipeline] checkout
Selected Git installation does not exist. Using Default
The recommended git tool is: NONE
using credential duke_ding_git
Cloning the remote Git repository
Cloning repository https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest
> git init /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/hello2 # timeout=10
Fetching upstream changes from https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest
> git --version # timeout=10
> git --version # 'git version 2.39.3'
using GIT_ASKPASS to set credentials
> git fetch --tags --force --progress -- https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* # timeout=10
> git config remote.origin.url https://github.com/dukeding/jenkinstest # timeout=10
> git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* # timeout=10
Avoid second fetch
> git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/main^{commit} # timeout=10
Checking out Revision ff3347d08ac2eec7bed80862b80efe02bcf21b93 (refs/remotes/origin/main)
> git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10
> git checkout -f ff3347d08ac2eec7bed80862b80efe02bcf21b93 # timeout=10
Commit message: "Update Jenkinsfile"
First time build. Skipping changelog.
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] withEnv
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (Stage 1)
[Pipeline] echo
Hello world!
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // withEnv
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // node
[Pipeline] End of Pipeline
Finished: SUCCESS
可见,确实输出了 Hello World
。
参考
https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/#red-hat-centos
https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/getting-started
https://www.jenkins.io/zh/doc/book/getting-started/
(中文文档)