一、积累
1.listless
2.sanction
3.inflict
4.stung
5.droplet
6.rot
7.soil
8.welfare
9.flock
10.mitigate
11.incubation
12.feces
13.urine
14.odor
15.sprinkle
16.guresome
17.slaughter
18.antibiotic
19.certify
20.tray
二、练习
1.牛津原译
List·less adj. /ˈlɪstləs/
having no energy or enthusiasm
没有活力的；无精打采的；不热情的
SYN lethargic
• The illness left her feeling listless and depressed.
那场病使她感到虚弱无力，提不起精神。
DERIVATIVES
list·less·ly
adv.list·less·ness n. [ U]
sanc·tion /ˈsæŋkʃn/
1. [C usually pl.] ~ (against sb)
an official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country, in order to make it do sth, such as obeying international law
制裁
• Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the
凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。
• The economic sanctions have been lifted.
经济制裁业已取消。
2. [U] (formal) official permission or approval for an action or a change
（正式）许可，批准
SYN authorization
• These changes will require the sanction of the court.
这些变更须经法院认可。
3. [C] ~ (against sth)
a course of action that can be used, if necessary, to make people obey a law or behave in a particular way
制裁；约束；处罚
SYN penalty
• The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant.
最严厉的处罚将是关闭这家餐馆.
[VN]
1. (formal) to give permission for sth to take place
许可；准许；准予
• The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates.
政府拒绝批准进一步降低利率.
2. (technical 术语) to punish sb/sth; to impose a sanction on sth
惩罚；实施制裁
In·flict v. /ɪnˈflɪkt/
[VN] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth)
to make sb/sth suffer sth unpleasant
使遭受打击；使吃苦头
• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team.
他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.
他们察看了暴风雨造成的损失。
• Heavy casualties were inflicted on the enemy.
敌人遭受了惨重伤亡。
(humorous)
• Do you have to inflict that music on us?
你非得逼我们听那种音乐吗？
PHRASAL VERBS
1. INˈFLICT YOURSELF/SB ON SB
(often humorous) to force sb to spend time with you/sb, when they do not want to
不请自来；打扰
• Sorry to inflict myself on you again like this!
对不起，又这么打扰你了！
• She inflicted her nephew on them for the weekend.
她把侄儿打发到他们那儿去度周末，真是添乱。
DERIVATIVES
in·flic·tion [U] /ɪnˈflɪkʃn/
n• the infliction of pain
痛苦的施加
drop·let n. /ˈdrɒplət/
a small drop of a liquid小滴
sting /stɪŋ/ (stung /stʌŋ/, stung)
1. (of an insect or plant) to touch your skin or make a very small hole in it so that you feel a sharp pain刺；蜇；叮
[VN]• I was stung on the arm by a wasp.
我的胳膊给黄蜂蜇了一下。
[V]• Be careful of the nettles—they sting!
小心给荨麻扎着—荨麻有刺！
2. to feel, or to make sb feel, a sharp pain in a part of their body
（使）感觉刺痛，感觉灼痛
[V]• I put some antiseptic on the cut and it stung for a moment.
我在割破的地方抹了点抗菌剂，一时间十分刺痛。
• My eyes were stinging from the smoke.烟熏得我眼睛疼。
[VN]• Tears stung her eyes.她流泪流得眼睛疼。
—note at hurt
3. [VN] ~ sb (to/into sth) ~ sb (into doing sth)
to make sb feel angry or upset激怒；使不安
• He was stung by their criticism.
他们的批评使他心烦意乱。
• Their cruel remarks stung her into action.
他们伤人的话激怒了她，使她不得不采取行动。
• They launched a stinging attack on the government.
他们对政府进行了猛烈的抨击。
4. [VN] [often passive] ~ sb (for sth) (informal)
to charge sb more money than they expected; to charge sb who did not expect to pay
对（某人）敲竹杠；敲诈；欺诈
• I got stung for a £100 meal.
我挨宰了，一顿饭吃了100英镑。
PHRASAL VERBS
1. ˈsting sb for sth (BrE informal)
to borrow money from sb
向某人借钱
sting /stɪŋ/
1. (NAmE also sting·er) [C] the sharp pointed part of an insect or creature that can go into the skin leaving a small, painful and sometimes poisonous wound
（昆虫的）螫针，刺；（植物的）刺，刺毛
• The sting of a bee can be painful.
• The scorpion has a sting in its tail.
2. [C] a wound that is made when an insect, a creature or a plant stings you
刺伤；蜇伤；叮伤
• A wasp or bee sting is painful but not necessarily serious.
3. [U] any sharp pain in your body or mind
（身体或心灵的）剧痛，痛苦
• The sting of salt in a wound can be excruciating.
• He smiled at her, trying to take the sting out of his words.
4. [C] (NAmE) a clever secret plan by the police to catch criminals
（警察为抓捕罪犯而设的）圈套
• The police set up a sting operation to catch the burglars.
5. [C] (especially NAmE) a clever plan by criminals to cheat people out of a lot of money
（罪犯诈骗钱财的）骗局，诡计
IDIOMS
1. a sting in the tail
(informal) an unpleasant feature that comes at the end of a story, an event, etc. and spoils it
煞风景的结局
Welfare /ˈwelfeə(r)/
[ U]
1. the general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group
（个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康
SYN well-being
• We are concerned about the child's welfare.
我们关注那个孩子的福祉。
2. practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it
（政府给予的）福利
• The state is still the main provider of welfare.
政府仍然是福利的主要提供者。
• child welfare
儿童福利
• a social welfare programme
社会福利计划
• welfare provision/services/work
福利供给╱机构╱工作
3. (especially NAmE) = social security(1)
• They would rather work than live on welfare.
他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金过活。
Rot /rɒt/
(-tt-)
**to decay, or make sth decay, naturally and gradually**
（使）腐烂，腐败变质
[ V]
• rotting leaves
渐渐腐烂的叶子
• The window frame had rotted away completely.
窗框已经完全烂掉了.
(figurative)
• prisoners thrown in jail and left to rot
投入大牢后就无人过问的囚犯
[ VN]
• Too much sugar will rot your teeth.
吃糖太多，就会出现蛀牙.
**—see also**
rotten adj. (1) [ U]
1. **the process or state of decaying and falling apart**
腐烂；腐败变质
• The wood must not get damp as rot can quickly result.
木头不能受潮，否则很快就会烂掉.
**—see also**
dry rot wet rot
2. **the rot**
used to describe the fact that a situation is getting worse
形势恶化
• The rot set in last year when they reorganized the department.
去年他们重组这个部门时，衰败就开始了.
• The team should manage to stop the rot if they play well this week.
如果球队本周比赛表现好，他们应该能够阻止形势的恶化.
3. **(old-fashioned) (BrE)**
nonsense; silly things that sb says
废话；胡说
SYN rubbish
• Don't talk such rot!别说废话！
Flock /flɒk/
1. [ C+sing./pl.v.]
a group of sheep, goats or birds of the same type
（羊或鸟）群
——compare herd
2. [ C+sing./pl.v.]
a large group of people, especially of the same type
（尤指同类人的）一大群
• a flock of children/reporters
一大群儿童╱记者
• They came in flocks to see the procession.
他们成群结队来看游行队伍。
3. [ C+sing./pl.v.] ( literary)
the group of people who regularly attend the church of a particular priest, etc.
（常跟随某圣职人员等学习的）信众
4. [ U]small pieces of soft material used for filling cushions, chairs, etc.
（填充垫子、椅子等的）小块软填料
5. [ U]small pieces of soft material on the surface of paper or cloth that produce a raised pattern
（植绒用的）短绒，绒屑
• flock wallpaper植绒墙纸
Sure! Here is the reformatted text for the word "flock":
**flock**/flɒk/
**to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers**
群集；聚集；蜂拥
[ V+ adv./prep.]
• Thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend.
这个周末有好几千人蜂拥到了海滩。
• Huge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake.
成群的鸟聚集在湖边。
[ V to inf]
• People flocked to hear him speak.
人们成群结队地去听他演讲。
**IDM see bird**
Mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/
**[ VN] (formal)**
to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.
减轻；缓和
**SYN** alleviate
• Action to mitigate poverty
减轻贫穷的行动
• Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.
植树造林减轻了土壤侵蚀。
fecal, feces
( NAmE )
= faecal faeces
Incubation /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/
1. [ U]the hatching of eggs孵（卵）；孵化
2. (medical/biology)
[C] (also incuˈbation period)
the time between someone being infected with a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms (= signs)
（传染病的）潜伏期
3. [ U] (biology)
the development and growth of bacteria, etc.
（细菌等的）繁殖
Urine/ˈjʊərɪn/ /ˈjʊəraɪn/
(especially in BrE informal wee)
[ U]
the waste liquid that collects in the bladder and that you pass from your body尿；小便
Sprinkle /ˈsprɪŋkl/
1. [ VN] ~ A on/onto/over B
to shake small pieces of something or drops of a liquid on something
撒；洒；把…撒（或洒）在…上
• She sprinkled sugar over the strawberries.
她在草莓上撒了点糖。
• She sprinkled the strawberries with sugar.
她在草莓上撒了点糖。
• Sprinkle chocolate on top of the cake.
给蛋糕洒上巧克力.
2. [ VN] [usually passive] ~ sth with sth
to include a few of something in something else
使某物包含少量的另一物；用…点缀
**SYN** strew
• His poems are sprinkled with quotations from ancient Greek.
他的诗歌不时穿插有古希腊引文。
3. [ V] (NAmE)
if it sprinkles, it rains lightly
下小雨
**SYN** drizzle
• It's only sprinkling. We can still go out.
雨不大，我们还可以出去.
• Add a sprinkle of cheese and serve.
再撒点奶酪，然后端上桌.
4. (especially NAmE)
light rain
小雨
• We've only had a few sprinkles (of rain) recently.
近来我们这里只下过几场小雨.
Gruesome/ˈɡruːsəm/*adjective*
very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury令人厌恶的；恐怖的；可怕的
• a gruesome murder骇人听闻的谋杀案
• gruesome pictures of dead bodies恐怖的死人照片
*(humorous)*
• We spent a week in a gruesome apartment in Miami.
我们在迈阿密一套糟糕透顶的公寓里住了一星期.
*DERIVATIVES* (派生词)
grue·some·ly*adverb*
Slaughter /ˈslɔːtə(r)/
*[uncountable]*
1. the killing of animals for their meat
屠宰；宰杀
• cows taken for slaughter
待宰奶牛
2. the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war
（尤指战争中的）屠杀，杀戮
**SYN** massacre
• the wholesale slaughter of innocent people
对无辜民众的大规模杀戮
*IDM* see lamb
[ VN]
1. to kill an animal, usually for its meat
屠宰；宰杀
**SYN** butcher
2. to kill a large number of people or animals violently
屠杀；杀戮
**SYN** massacre
• Men, women and children were slaughtered and villages destroyed.
村庄被毁，男人、女人和儿童惨遭杀戮。
3. (informal) to defeat somebody/something by a large number of points in a sports game, competition, etc.
（在体育比赛等竞赛中）大比分击败，使惨败
• We were slaughtered 10-1 by the home team.
我们以1:10惨败给主队。
Antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/
*[usually plural]*
*noun*
a substance, for example penicillin, that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections
抗菌素；抗生素（如青霉素）
• The doctor put her on antibiotics (= told her to take them).
医生要她服用抗生素。
*DERIVATIVES* (派生词)
antibiotic*adjective*
• an antibiotic drug
抗菌素药
• effective antibiotic treatment
有效的抗生素治疗
Tray **/treɪ/
1. a flat piece of wood, metal or plastic with raised edges, used for carrying or holding things, especially food
盘；托盘；碟
• He brought her breakfast in bed on a tray.
他把早餐用托盘给她送到床上。
• She came in with a tray of drinks.
她端着一托盘饮料走进来。
• a tea tray
茶盘
2. (often in compounds)
a shallow plastic box, used for various purposes
（各种用途的）浅塑料盒
• a seed tray (for planting seeds in)
育苗盘
• a cat's litter tray
猫的便盆
[see also: baking sheet, in tray, out tray]
2.听写
3.默写
4.翻译
- She felt listless after staying up all night studying.
(无精打采的，倦怠的) - 她熬夜学习后感到无精打采。
2. The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
(制裁) - 政府对该国实施了经济制裁。
3. The punishment inflicted on him was severe.
(施加，造成) - 对他施加的惩罚非常严厉。
4. The bee stung me on the arm.
(蜇伤) - 蜜蜂在我的手臂上蜇了我一下。
5. A droplet of water fell from the leaf.
(小滴，微滴) - 一滴水从叶子上落下来。
6. The fruit had started to rot.
(腐烂) - 水果开始腐烂了。
7. The soil in this area is very fertile.
(土壤) - 这个地区的土壤非常肥沃。
8. The government provides welfare benefits to low-income families.
(福利) - 政府向低收入家庭提供福利待遇。
9. A flock of birds flew across the sky.
(群，鸟群) - 一群鸟飞过了天空。
10. Planting trees can help mitigate the effects of climate change.
(减轻，缓解) - 种树可以帮助减轻气候变化的影响。
11. The incubation period for this disease is approximately two weeks.
(孵化，潜伏期) - 这种疾病的潜伏期约为两周。
12. The dog left its feces on the sidewalk.
(粪便) - 狗在人行道上留下了粪便。
13. She provided a urine sample for the medical test.
(尿液) - 她提供了尿液样本进行医学检查。
14. A foul odor filled the room.
(气味) - 房间里弥漫着一股难闻的气味。
15. Please sprinkle some salt on the dish.
(撒，洒) - 请在菜肴上撒些盐。
16. The horror movie had some gruesome scenes.
(可怕的，恶心的) - 那部恐怖电影有一些恶心的场景。
17. The mass slaughter of innocent animals is unacceptable.
(屠杀) - 对无辜动物的大规模屠杀是不可接受的。
18. The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat the infection.
(抗生素) - 医生开了抗生素来治疗感染。
19. The document needs to be certified before it can be used as evidence.
(证明，认证) - 这份文件在作为证据之前需要得到认证。
20. She served tea on a tray. (托盘) - 她用托盘上了茶。
