vCenter、vSphere Client硬盘扩容详解

文章目录

- 1、需求
- 2、vSphere 操作流程
- 3、服务器操作
- - 3.1、查看分区空间大小
  - 3.2、列出所有可用块设备的信息
  - 3.3、新建分区
  - 3.4、重读分区表信息
  - 3.5、格式化分区信息
  - 3.6、查看卷组的详细状态
  - 3.7、创建物理卷
  - 3.8、扩容卷组
  - 3.9、逻辑卷在线扩容
  - 3.10、显示物理卷属性
  - 3.11、XFS 文件系统的大小

1、需求

vCenter虚拟机中把硬盘扩容，vCenter本质上只有一个磁盘，一个磁盘分为多个分区。原磁盘位置已经不够使用，需要给磁盘进行扩容。
然后给 /home 分区扩容

2、vSphere 操作流程

在数据中找到需要扩容的虚拟机，找到操作按钮，选择编辑设置，找到硬盘选项，添加硬盘的容量。

示例如下：
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在这里插入图片描述

3、服务器操作

进入到服务器的shell命令行

3.1、查看分区空间大小

df -h

$ df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 16G  492K   16G   1% /run
tmpfs                 16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rl-root  150G  5.8G  145G   4% /
/dev/mapper/rl-home  1.9T  511G  1.4T  28% /home
/dev/sda2             10G  360M  9.7G   4% /boot
/dev/sda1           1022M  5.8M 1017M   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs                3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0

3.2、列出所有可用块设备的信息

列出所有可用块设备的信息，而且还能显示他们之间的依赖关系

此时我们可以清晰的看到磁盘sda有3T的空间，但是下方有依赖关系的分区只使用了2T

我们现在需求是为了给 /home 也就是 /dev/mapper/rl-home 分区扩容，请记住它的分区类型lvm

lsblk

$ lsblk 
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0    3T  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0   10G  0 part /boot
└─sda3        8:3    0    2T  0 part 
  ├─rl-root 253:0    0  150G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rl-swap 253:1    0 15.8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─rl-home 253:2    0  1.8T  0 lvm  /home
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

3.3、新建分区

新建一个分区sda4

fdisk /dev/sda


$ fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

### n代表新建分区
Command (m for help): n
### 直接回车，选择默认值
Partition number (4-128, default 4): 4
### 直接回车，选择默认值开始位置
First sector (4294965248-6442450910, default 4294965248): 
### 直接回车，选择默认值结束位置
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4294965248-6442450910, default 6442450910): 

Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 TiB.


### t代表设置分区类型
Command (m for help): t
### 输入刚才输入的分区数字
Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4
### 输入L获取所有类型，找到我们要扩容分区的类型，记住序号，然后:q退出类型查看
Partition type (type L to list all types): L
  1 EFI System                     C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
  2 MBR partition scheme           024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
  3 Intel Fast Flash               D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
  4 BIOS boot                      21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
  5 Sony boot partition            F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
  6 Lenovo boot partition          BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
  7 PowerPC PReP boot              9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
  8 ONIE boot                      7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
  9 ONIE config                    D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
 10 Microsoft reserved             E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
 11 Microsoft basic data           EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
 12 Microsoft LDM metadata         5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
 13 Microsoft LDM data             AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
 14 Windows recovery environment   DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
 15 IBM General Parallel Fs        37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
 16 Microsoft Storage Spaces       E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
 17 HP-UX data                     75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
 18 HP-UX service                  E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
 19 Linux swap                     0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
 20 Linux filesystem               0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
 21 Linux server data              3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
 22 Linux root (x86)               44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
 23 Linux root (ARM)               69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
 24 Linux root (x86-64)            4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
 25 Linux root (ARM-64)            B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
 26 Linux root  (IA-64)             993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
 27 Linux reserved                 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
 28 Linux home                     933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
 29 Linux RAID                     A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
 30 Linux extended boot            BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
 31 Linux LVM                      E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
 32 FreeBSD data                   516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 33 FreeBSD boot                   83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
 34 FreeBSD swap                   516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 35 FreeBSD UFS                    516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 36 FreeBSD ZFS                    516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 37 FreeBSD Vinum                  516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 38 Apple HFS/HFS+                 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 39 Apple UFS                      55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 40 Apple RAID                     52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 41 Apple RAID offline             52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 42 Apple boot                     426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 43 Apple label                    4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 44 Apple TV recovery              5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 45 Apple Core storage             53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 46 Solaris boot                   6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 47 Solaris root                   6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS       6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 49 Solaris swap                   6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 50 Solaris backup                 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 51 Solaris /var                   6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 52 Solaris /home                  6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 53 Solaris alternate sector       6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 54 Solaris reserved 1             6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 55 Solaris reserved 2             6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631

### 输入刚到记住的类型序号
Partition type (type L to list all types): 31

Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

### 输入w保存我们的配置
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

3.4、重读分区表信息

partprobe
fdisk -l

$ partprobe    
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0988E2ED-39B3-4128-BA84-8F99010C4CD6

Device          Start        End    Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    2099199    2097152   1G EFI System
/dev/sda2     2099200   23070719   20971520  10G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3    23070720 4294965247 4271894528   2T Linux LVM
/dev/sda4  4294965248 6442450910 2147485663   1T Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/rl-root: 150 GiB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rl-swap: 15.8 GiB, 16915628032 bytes, 33038336 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rl-home: 1.8 TiB, 2009230999552 bytes, 3924279296 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

3.5、格式化分区信息

mkfs.xfs /dev/sda4

$  mkfs.xfs /dev/sda4
meta-data=/dev/sda4              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=67108927 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=268435707, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=131072, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

3.6、查看卷组的详细状态

记住下方 VG Name 的值 rl 下方要用到
vgdisplay

$ vgdisplay    
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rl
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <1.99 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              521471
  Alloc PE / Size       521471 / <1.99 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               UjKiNx-bg9k-JGUV-wJ3P-uneJ-smV0-rtlMtg

3.7、创建物理卷

pvcreate /dev/sda4

$ pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda4.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

3.8、扩容卷组

扩容卷组，即把物理卷加入卷组
vgextend rl /dev/sda4

$ vgextend rl /dev/sda4
  Volume group "rl" successfully extended

3.9、逻辑卷在线扩容

逻辑卷在线扩容

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/rl-home

$  lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/rl-home
  Size of logical volume rl/home changed from <1.83 TiB (479038 extents) to <2.83 TiB (741181 extents).
  Logical volume rl/home successfully resized.

3.10、显示物理卷属性

显示物理卷属性
pvdisplay

$ pvdisplay      
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               rl
  PV Size               <1.99 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              521471
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          521471
  PV UUID               gZTu7E-xJG4-UcoT-SfxT-LbDM-OEyL-MlL4rw
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               rl
  PV Size               1.00 TiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              262143
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          262143
  PV UUID               62dZHF-RaoD-VLTf-ccaf-eFT8-8AKv-rS60kU

3.11、XFS 文件系统的大小

/home 是 /dev/mapper/rl-home的实际目录

xfs_growfs /home

$ xfs_growfs /home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rl-home    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=122633728 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=490534912, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=239519, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 490534912 to 758969344