组合总和
class Solution{
private:
vector<vector<int>>result;
vector<int>path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates,int target,int sum,int startIndex){
if(sum > target){
return;
}
if(sum == target){
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for(int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size(); i++){
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
backtracking(candidates,target,sum,i);
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>>combinationSum(vector<int>&candidates, int target){
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(candidates,target,0,0);
return result;
}
};
剪枝(优化)
先排序,才能剪枝,在for循环处剪枝
class Solution{
private:
vector<vector<int>>result;
vector<int>path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int sum, int startIndex){
if(sum == target){
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for(int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size() && sum + candidates[i] <= target; i++){
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
backtracking(candidates,target,sum,i);
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>>combinationSum(vector<int>&candidates,int target){
result.clear();
path.clear();
sort(candidates.begin(),candidates.end());
backtracking(candidates,target,0,0);
return result;
}
};
组合总和II
题目:给定数组candidates和一个目标数target,找出candidates中所有可以使数字和target的组合。candidates中的每个数字在每个组合中只能使用一次。 解集中不包含重复的组合。
思路:先用前面学的回溯算法,求出解集合,再用set或map去重。缺点:麻烦,易超时。
优解:在搜索中直接去重。(使用过的元素不再使用)
树层去重,树枝去重
树层,横向避免重复,先排序,相同的挨着,前面遍历过,就不用再遍历了。
树枝可以,纵向是一个组合内的元素,可以重复。
class Solution{
private:
vector<vector<int>>result;
vector<int>path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates,int target,int sum,int startIndex,vector<bool>& used){
if(sum == target){
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for(int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size() && sum + candidate[i] <= target; i++){
if(i > 0 && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1]&& used[i - 1] == false){
continue;
}
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
used[i] = true;
backtracking(candidate,target,sum,i + 1,used);//i+1,不能重复
used[i] = false;
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>>combinationSum2(vector<int>& candidates,int target){
vector<bool>used(candidates.size(),false);
path.clear();
result.clear();
sort(candidates.begin(),candidates.end());
backtracking(candidates,target,0,0,used);
return result;
}
};
分割回文串
class Solution{
private:
vector<vector<string>>result;
vector<string>path;
//回溯函数
void backtracking(const string& s, int startIndex){
if(startIndex >= s.size()){//到达字符串末尾,终止本次回溯
result.push_back(path);//result存放最终的所有路径,即分割结果
return;
}
for(int i = startIndex; i < s.size(); i++){
if(isPalindrome(s,startIndex,i)){//是回文
string str = s.substr(startIndex, i - startIndex + 1);
path.push_back(str);//添加进path
}else{
continue;//不是,跳过
}
backtracking(s, i + 1);//进入i+1
path.pop_back();//清空path
}
}
//判断是不是回文串,前后双指针,正反向同步走
bool isPalindrome(const string& s,int start,int end){
for(int i = start, j = end; i < j; i++; j--){
if(S[i] != s[j]){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public:
//分割函数
vector<vector<string>>partition(string s){
result.clear();//清除结果集
path.clear();//清除路径内所有字符
backtracking(s,0);//从下标0处开始对字符串分割,调用回溯函数
return result;//返回结果
}
};