Vue项目搭建过程

1、安装NodeJs

1.1 下载安装包

在 http://nodejs.cn/download/ 上下载64位安装包，然后进行安装，和普通软件的安装一样。

C:\Users\Administrator>node -v
v16.13.1

C:\Users\Administrator>npm -v
8.5.5

1.2 安装cnpm

# 安装cnpm
C:\Users\Administrator>npm install cnpm -g

added 171 packages, removed 378 packages, and changed 281 packages in 18s

11 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details
npm notice
npm notice New minor version of npm available! 8.5.5 -> 8.15.1
npm notice Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v8.15.1
npm notice Run npm install -g npm@8.15.1 to update!
npm notice

# 查看cnpm的版本
C:\Users\Administrator>cnpm -v

cnpm@8.2.0 (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\cnpm\lib\parse_argv.js)
npm@8.15.1 (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npm\index.js)
node@16.13.1 (C:\zsxsoftware\nodejs\node.exe)
npminstall@6.5.0 (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\cnpm\node_modules\npminstall\lib\index.js)
prefix=C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm
win32 x64 10.0.19042
registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

1.3 安装 vue-cli

# 安装vue-cli
C:\Users\Administrator>cnpm install vue-cli -g

(node:16924) ExperimentalWarning: stream/web is an experimental feature. This feature could change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
Downloading vue-cli to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli_tmp
Copying C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli_tmp\_vue-cli@2.9.6@vue-cli to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli
Installing vue-cli's dependencies to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli/node_modules
[1/20] uid@0.0.2 installed at node_modules\_uid@0.0.2@uid
[2/20] commander@^2.9.0 installed at node_modules\_commander@2.20.3@commander
[3/20] semver@^5.1.0 installed at node_modules\_semver@5.7.1@semver
[4/20] coffee-script@1.12.7 installed at node_modules\_coffee-script@1.12.7@coffee-script
[5/20] user-home@^2.0.0 installed at node_modules\_user-home@2.0.0@user-home
[6/20] tildify@^1.2.0 installed at node_modules\_tildify@1.2.0@tildify
[7/20] validate-npm-package-name@^3.0.0 installed at node_modules\_validate-npm-package-name@3.0.0@validate-npm-package-name
[8/20] multimatch@^2.1.0 installed at node_modules\_multimatch@2.1.0@multimatch
[9/20] minimatch@^3.0.0 installed at node_modules\_minimatch@3.1.2@minimatch
[10/20] read-metadata@^1.0.0 installed at node_modules\_read-metadata@1.0.0@read-metadata
[11/20] chalk@^2.1.0 installed at node_modules\_chalk@2.4.2@chalk
[12/20] consolidate@^0.14.0 installed at node_modules\_consolidate@0.14.5@consolidate
[13/20] rimraf@^2.5.0 installed at node_modules\_rimraf@2.7.1@rimraf
[14/20] ora@^1.3.0 installed at node_modules\_ora@1.4.0@ora
[15/20] metalsmith@^2.1.0 installed at node_modules\_metalsmith@2.5.0@metalsmith
[16/20] request@^2.67.0 installed at node_modules\_request@2.88.2@request
[17/20] handlebars@^4.0.5 installed at node_modules\_handlebars@4.7.7@handlebars
[18/20] download-git-repo@^1.0.1 installed at node_modules\_download-git-repo@1.1.0@download-git-repo
[19/20] async@^2.4.0 installed at node_modules\_async@2.6.4@async
[20/20] inquirer@^6.0.0 installed at node_modules\_inquirer@6.5.2@inquirer
execute post install 1 scripts...
[1/1] scripts.postinstall metalsmith@^2.1.0 run "node metalsmith-migrated-plugins.js", root: "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\vue-cli\\node_modules\\_metalsmith@2.5.0@metalsmith"
[1/1] scripts.postinstall metalsmith@^2.1.0 finished in 106ms
deprecate request@^2.67.0 request has been deprecated, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142
deprecate coffee-script@1.12.7 CoffeeScript on NPM has moved to "coffeescript" (no hyphen)
deprecate request@2.88.2 › har-validator@~5.1.3 this library is no longer supported
deprecate request@2.88.2 › uuid@^3.3.2 Please upgrade  to version 7 or higher.  Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic.  See https://v8.dev/blog/math-random for details.
All packages installed (228 packages installed from npm registry, used 5s(network 5s), speed 1.18MB/s, json 217(1.01MB), tarball 4.64MB, manifests cache hit 0, etag hit 0 / miss 0)
[vue-cli@2.9.6] link C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\vue@ -> C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli\bin\vue
[vue-cli@2.9.6] link C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\vue-init@ -> C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli\bin\vue-init
[vue-cli@2.9.6] link C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\vue-list@ -> C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\vue-cli\bin\vue-list

1.4 安装webpack

# 安装webpack
C:\Users\Administrator>cnpm install webpack -g

(node:13296) ExperimentalWarning: stream/web is an experimental feature. This feature could change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
Downloading webpack to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\webpack_tmp
Copying C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\webpack_tmp\_webpack@5.74.0@webpack to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\webpack
Installing webpack's dependencies to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\webpack/node_modules
[1/24] chrome-trace-event@^1.0.2 installed at node_modules\_chrome-trace-event@1.0.3@chrome-trace-event
[2/24] graceful-fs@^4.2.9 installed at node_modules\_graceful-fs@4.2.10@graceful-fs
[3/24] glob-to-regexp@^0.4.1 installed at node_modules\_glob-to-regexp@0.4.1@glob-to-regexp
[4/24] loader-runner@^4.2.0 installed at node_modules\_loader-runner@4.3.0@loader-runner
[5/24] @types/estree@^0.0.51 installed at node_modules\_@types_estree@0.0.51@@types\estree
[6/24] acorn-import-assertions@^1.7.6 installed at node_modules\_acorn-import-assertions@1.8.0@acorn-import-assertions
[7/24] acorn@^8.7.1 installed at node_modules\_acorn@8.8.0@acorn
[8/24] json-parse-even-better-errors@^2.3.1 installed at node_modules\_json-parse-even-better-errors@2.3.1@json-parse-even-better-errors
[9/24] es-module-lexer@^0.9.0 installed at node_modules\_es-module-lexer@0.9.3@es-module-lexer
[10/24] watchpack@^2.4.0 installed at node_modules\_watchpack@2.4.0@watchpack
[11/24] events@^3.2.0 installed at node_modules\_events@3.3.0@events
[12/24] mime-types@^2.1.27 installed at node_modules\_mime-types@2.1.35@mime-types
[13/24] tapable@^2.1.1 installed at node_modules\_tapable@2.2.1@tapable
[14/24] webpack-sources@^3.2.3 installed at node_modules\_webpack-sources@3.2.3@webpack-sources
[15/24] enhanced-resolve@^5.10.0 installed at node_modules\_enhanced-resolve@5.10.0@enhanced-resolve
[16/24] @types/eslint-scope@^3.7.3 installed at node_modules\_@types_eslint-scope@3.7.4@@types\eslint-scope
[17/24] neo-async@^2.6.2 installed at node_modules\_neo-async@2.6.2@neo-async
[18/24] eslint-scope@5.1.1 installed at node_modules\_eslint-scope@5.1.1@eslint-scope
[19/24] @webassemblyjs/wasm-edit@1.11.1 installed at node_modules\_@webassemblyjs_wasm-edit@1.11.1@@webassemblyjs\wasm-edit
[20/24] @webassemblyjs/ast@1.11.1 installed at node_modules\_@webassemblyjs_ast@1.11.1@@webassemblyjs\ast
[21/24] @webassemblyjs/wasm-parser@1.11.1 installed at node_modules\_@webassemblyjs_wasm-parser@1.11.1@@webassemblyjs\wasm-parser
[22/24] schema-utils@^3.1.0 installed at node_modules\_schema-utils@3.1.1@schema-utils
[23/24] terser-webpack-plugin@^5.1.3 installed at node_modules\_terser-webpack-plugin@5.3.3@terser-webpack-plugin
[24/24] browserslist@^4.14.5 installed at node_modules\_browserslist@4.21.3@browserslist
anti semver @types/eslint-scope@3.7.4 › @types/estree@* delcares @types/estree@*(resolved as 1.0.0) but using ancestor(root package.json)'s dependency @types/estree@^0.0.51(resolved as 0.0.51)
anti semver @types/eslint-scope@3.7.4 › @types/eslint@8.4.5 › @types/estree@* delcares @types/estree@*(resolved as 1.0.0) but using ancestor(root package.json)'s dependency @types/estree@^0.0.51(resolved as 0.0.51)
All packages installed (76 packages installed from npm registry, used 2s(network 2s), speed 2.18MB/s, json 75(1.32MB), tarball 2.31MB, manifests cache hit 0, etag hit 0 / miss 0)
[webpack@5.74.0] link C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\webpack@ -> C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\webpack\bin\webpack.js

# 查看webpack的版本
C:\Users\Administrator>webpack -v
webpack: 5.74.0
webpack-cli: 4.10.0
webpack-dev-server not installed

1.5 安装webpack-cli

# 安装webpack-cli
C:\Users\Administrator>npm install webpack-cli -g

added 117 packages in 6s

# 查看webpack-cli的版本
C:\Users\Administrator>webpack-cli -v
webpack: 5.74.0
webpack-cli: 4.10.0
webpack-dev-server not installed

# 查看模板
C:\Users\Administrator>vue list

  Available official templates:

  ★  browserify - A full-featured Browserify + vueify setup with hot-reload, linting & unit testing.
  ★  browserify-simple - A simple Browserify + vueify setup for quick prototyping.
  ★  pwa - PWA template for vue-cli based on the webpack template
  ★  simple - The simplest possible Vue setup in a single HTML file
  ★  webpack - A full-featured Webpack + vue-loader setup with hot reload, linting, testing & css extraction.
  ★  webpack-simple - A simple Webpack + vue-loader setup for quick prototyping.

2、新建shop-vue项目

使用 webpack 初始化项目：

$ vue init webpack shop-vue

? Project name shop-vue
? Project description A Vue.js project
? Author zsx242030 <15110820283@163.com>
? Vue build standalone
? Install vue-router? Yes
? Use ESLint to lint your code? No
? Set up unit tests No
? Setup e2e tests with Nightwatch? No
? Should we run `npm install` for you after the project has been created? (recommended) no

   vue-cli · Generated "shop-vue".

# Project initialization finished!
# ========================

To get started:

  cd shop-vue
  npm install (or if using yarn: yarn)
  npm run dev

Documentation can be found at https://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack

生成的项目结构如下：

然后执行 npm install 和 npm audit fix 安装一些相关的依赖，会生成 node_modules 目录：

build：项目构建(webpack)相关代码

config：配置目录，包括端口号等

node_modules ：npm加载的项目依赖块

src：这里是我们要开发的目录，基本上要做的事情都在这个目录里。里面包含了几个目录及文件：

assets: 放置一些图片，如logo等

components：该目录里存放的我们的开发文件组件，主要的开发文件都存放在这里了

App.vue：项目入口文件

main.js：项目的核心文件

router：路由配置目录

static：放置一些静态资源文件

.babelrc：用来设置转码的规则和插件的

.editorconfig：用于定义编码样式的文件格式和一组文本编辑器插件组成

.gitignore：这些是一些配置文件，包括语法配置，git配置等

.postcssrc.js：为了进行移动端适配，PostCss 是一个处理 CSS 的处理工具

index.html：首页入口文件

package.json：项目配置文件

README.md：项目的说明文档，markdown 格式

使用 npm run dev 启动项目，访问 http://localhost:8080：

接下来使用开发工具打开项目：

对代码进行修改：

App.vue 修改为：

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-view/>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'App'
}
</script>

<style>
</style>

main.js 修改为：

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  router,
  components: { App },
  template: '<App/>'
})

将 HelloWorld.vue 删除，并且在src下新建 views 文件夹， 在该文件夹下新建 Index.vue，其内容改为:

<template>
  <div class="index">
   <h1>首页</h1>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'Index',
  data () {
    return {
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
</style>

修改 src/router/index.js 为：

import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import Index from '../views/Index'

Vue.use(Router)

export default new Router({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/',
      name: 'Index',
      component: Index
    }
  ]
})

重新访问项目：

至此，前端项目的框架搭建完毕，接下来编写具体的页面。

3、相关依赖

# 使用element-ui,安装element-ui
npm i element-ui -S

# 前后端交互axios
npm install axios

# 数据存储vuex
npm install vuex --save

# 安装字体
npm install font-awesome

# 安装comment
npm install comment

npm install vue-router --save-dev
npm install sass-loader node-sass --save-dev

4、npm依赖下载失败解决

# npm清空下载的包
npm cache clean --force 或者
npm cache clear --force && npm install --no-shrinkwrap --update-binary

5、错误

【npm错误】- npm ERR code ERESOLVE 和 npm ERR ERESOLVE could not resolve 问题

# 解决
npm i --legacy-peer-deps