实现模板
#include<assert.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<list>
using namespace std;
namespace fnc
{
template<class T>
class vector
{
public:
typedef T* iterator;
typedef const T* const_iterator;
//构造函数
vector()
{
}
//复制拷贝
vector(const vector<T>& v)
{
reserve(v.capacity());
for (const auto& a : v)
{
push_back(a);
}
}
//迭代器区间构造
template<class InputIterator>
vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
{
while (first != last)
{
push_back(*first);
first++;
}
}
vector(size_t n, const T& val = T())
{
resize(n, val);
}
vector(int n, const T& val = T())
{
resize(n, val);
}
void swap(vector<T>& v)
{
std::swap(_start, v._start);
std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
std::swap(_endofstorage, v._endofstorage);
}
//赋值
vector<T>& operator=(vector<T> v)
{
swap(v);
return *this;
}
//析构函数
~vector()
{
if (_start)
{
delete[] _start;
_start = _finish = _endofstorage = nullptr;
}
}
//返回对应的位置
iterator begin()
{
return _start;
}
iterator end()
{
return _finish;
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return _start;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return _finish;
}
void reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > capacity())
{
size_t old = size();
T* tmp = new T[n];
if (_start)
{
//memcpy(tmp, _start, sizeof(T) * old);//不建议
for (int i = 0; i < old; i++)
{
tmp[i] = _start[i];
}
delete[] _start;
}
_start = tmp;
_finish = _start + old;
_endofstorage = _start + n;
}
}
void resize(size_t n, T val = T())
{
if (n > size())
{
if (n > capacity())
{
reserve(n);
}
//先记住之前的位置
while (_finish < _start + n)
{
*_finish = val;
_finish++;
}
}
else
{
_finish = _start + n;
}
}
void push_back(const T& x)
{
//满扩容
if (_finish == _endofstorage)
{
size_t newcapacity =capacity() == 0 ? 1 : capacity() * 2;
reserve(newcapacity);
}
*_finish = x;
_finish++;
}
void pop_back()
{
assert(size() > 0);
--_finish;
}
iterator insert(iterator pos,const T& x)
{
//确保pos是正确的范围内
assert(pos >= _start && pos < _finish);
if (_finish == _endofstorage)
{
size_t distance = pos - _start;
size_t newcapacity = capacity() == 0 ? 1 : capacity() * 2;
reserve(newcapacity);
pos = _start + distance;
}
//插入腾出空间
//memmove(pos + 1, pos, sizeof(T) * (_finish - pos));//不建议
iterator end = _finish - 1;
while (end >= pos)
{
*(end + 1) = *end;
end--;
}
*pos = x;
_finish++;
return pos;
}
iterator erase(iterator pos)
{
assert(pos >= _start && pos < _finish);
//将对应位置挤掉
//memmove(pos, pos + 1, sizeof(T) * (_finish - pos - 1));//不建议
iterator it = pos + 1;
while (it < _finish)
{
*(it - 1) = *it;
it++;
}
--_finish;
return pos;
}
size_t capacity()
{
return _endofstorage - _start;
}
size_t size()
{
return _finish - _start;
}
size_t capacity() const
{
return _endofstorage - _start;
}
size_t size() const
{
return _finish - _start;
}
T& operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < size());
return _start[pos];
}
private:
iterator _start=nullptr;
iterator _finish=nullptr;
iterator _endofstorage=nullptr;
};
首先我们看vector的成员函数,都是通过迭代器来确定具体位置的,
_start表示vector的起始位置,
_finish表示vector有效存储的结束位置,
_endodstorage表示当前开辟的空间指向最后的地址位置
下面通过实例来讲解一些需要注意的地方。
vector和const_vector
对于vector来说,实际上就是C语言的数组,这也就表明vector存储的元素的地址空间是连续的,所以这里的迭代器实际上表示的就是原始指针,但为了区别是否有const修饰,需要对他们进行简单的封装。
被const修饰的迭代器,只具有可读性,对于一些只读的函数,要多加const重载函数。
例子:
void print_vector(const vector<int>& v)
{
for (auto a : v)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test_vector1()
{
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
while (it != v.end())
{
cout << *it << " ";
it++;
}
cout << endl;
for (auto a : v)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
{
cout << v[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
v.insert(v.begin(), 111);
print_vector(v);
v.insert(v.begin(), 110);
print_vector(v);
v.erase(v.begin() + 4);
print_vector(v);
v.erase(v.begin());
print_vector(v);
}
如果这里没有添加const修饰的begin和end函数,那么将会报错,因为涉及到权限放大的问题。
resize()和reserve()
reserve()也就是对vector的容量进行扩容,
这里需要对原先的存储进行,方便后面进行对成员变量迭代器的定位。
这里要注意,_finish和_endofstorge都是相对于_start来取相对位置的,因为创建了一个新的空间。
resize()就是改变vector()的有效容量
T是泛型类型,T()表示取对应的默认构造参数,内置类型会取到0,或者nullptr;
自定义类型会根据构造参数进行初始化,取到对应的值;
void test_vector2()
{
vector<int> myvector;
// set some initial content:
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) myvector.push_back(i);
myvector.resize(5);
myvector.resize(8, 100);
myvector.resize(12);
cout << "myvector contains:";
for (int i = 0; i < myvector.size(); i++)
cout << ' ' << myvector[i];
std::cout << endl;
}
拷贝构造和赋值
这里会发现,我是在成员变量进行了声明,构造函数没有进行初始化;
一开始,我只是在构造函数进行了初始化,而在拷贝构造中没有进行初始化,那么由于这两个函数是构成重载的,所以像一些有指针的,由于没有进行初始化,会变成野指针,这样就会报错。
所以在这里总结:
void test_vector3()
{
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
vector<int> v1 = v;
cout << "原来的v1 ";
for (auto a : v1)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
vector<int> v2;
v2.push_back(22);
v2.push_back(33);
v2.push_back(44);
v2.push_back(55);
v1=v2;
cout << "赋值后的v1 ";
for (auto a : v1)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
深浅拷贝的问题
先看例子
void test_vector4()
{
vector<string> v;
v.reserve(10);
v.push_back("xxx");
v.push_back("xxx");
v.push_back("xxx");
v.push_back("xxx");
v.push_back("xxx");
v.push_back("xxx");
for (auto a : v)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//n>size
v.resize(8);
for (auto a : v)
{
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//n>capacity
v.resize(15, "yyyy");
for (auto e : v)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//n<size
v.resize(3);
for (auto e : v)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
迭代器失效问题
void test_vector5()
{
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
v.push_back(5);
v.push_back(6);
//要求删除所有偶数
vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
while (it != v.end())
{
if (*it % 2 == 0)
{
it=v.erase(it);
}
else
{
it++;
}
}
for (auto e : v)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
vector的其他构造
void test_vector6()
{
vector<int> v1;
v1.push_back(1);
v1.push_back(2);
v1.push_back(3);
v1.push_back(4);
vector<int> v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());
for (auto e : v2)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
list<int> lt;
lt.push_back(11);
lt.push_back(22);
lt.push_back(33);
lt.push_back(44);
vector<int> v3(lt.begin(), lt.end());
for (auto e : v3)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
int a[] = { 100,200,300 };
vector<int> v4(a, a + 3);
for (auto e : v4)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
}
void test_vector7()
{
vector<string> v1(5, "1234");
for (auto e : v1)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
vector<int> v2(5, 1);
for (auto e : v2)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
运行: