一:简介
- 由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架
- 其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程
- 使用了特定的方式来进行配置
- 快速应用开发领域
二:运行原理以及特点
运行原理:
SpringBoot为我们做的自动配置,确实方便快捷,今天来了解一下它的原理:
特点:
- 可以创建独立的Spring应用程序,并且基于其Maven或Gradle插件,可以创建可执行的JARs和WARs;
- 内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器;
- 提供自动配置的“starter”项目对象模型(POMS)以简化Maven配置;
- 尽可能自动配置Spring容器;
- 提供准备好的特性,如指标、健康检查和外部化配置;
- 绝对没有代码生成,不需要XML配置。
三:重点了解
- 约定优于配置
- 开箱即用
- 程序和注解
1:约定优于配置
90%以上的项目呢,配置都差不多,所以呢spring团队,就搞出了一个通用的配置,以后我们程序猿就不需要再去配置这些繁杂的配置了. 如果用的ssm,所有的maven依赖,版本,都需要我们程序猿去控制,去找依赖,并且互相配合依赖.依赖没有配合好,jar冲突,,出了问题就需要程序猿去解决,一般非常耗时的.
补充:约定优于配置也被称为习惯优于配置、约定大于配置
提示:全局配置名称,必须是 application 这是spring规定好的,别的识别不了
配置文件生效顺序:properties > yml > yaml
2:开箱即用
说明:
1:内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器;
2:用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程
3:每一个stater都是一个场景功能
<!--引入web starter启动器 常见的场景-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
3:注解和程序
/*表明此类是springboot启动类,服务类
@SpringBootApplication是一个复合注解
包括@ComponentScan,和@SpringBootConfiguration,@EnableAutoConfiguration
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Demo100Application {
//main 程序的入口
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
SpringApplication
run
*/
SpringApplication.run(Demo100Application.class, args);
}
}
3.1:注解:
3.1.0:总述:
1:@ComponentScan: 该注解默认会扫描该类所在的包下所有的配置类,相当于之前的 <context:component-scan>
2:@EnableAutoConfiguration 这个注解它所加的组件―就是我们在 pom 中申明的组件﹐以及springBoot默认提供给我用的组件 将组建实例化,交由ioc容器去管理
2.1:@AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
2.2:@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}):载入selector,识别AutoConfigutaion类并import
3:@SpringBootConfiguration
3.1:@Configuration
3.2:@Component
解释:@SpringBootConfiguration继承自@Configuration,二者功能也一致,标注当前类是配置类,
并会将当前类内声明的一个或多个以@Bean注解标记的方法的实例纳入到spring容器中,并且实例名就是方法名
3.1.1:配置类注解:
@SpringBootConfiguration
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
</bean>
</beans>
@Configuration
public class Config {
@Bean
public Map createMap(){
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("username","gxz");
map.put("age",27);
return map;
}
}
@Component
public class test {
}
3.1.2:核心注解
@EnableAutoConfiguration:是我们的核心注解旳开启白动配置/自动装配
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}):(核心中的核心)!!!
@AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}):载入selector,识别AutoConfigutaion类并import
- 1
- 2
- 3
3.1.3:扫描包注解
@ComponentScan: 该注解默认会扫描该类所在的包下所有的配置类,相当于之前的 context:component-scan
@ComponentScan
提示:Properties中所有的配置 其实 底层都对应了 一个类的属性
3.2:程序:
3.2.1:实例化SpringApplication
SpringApplication初始化时主要做三件事情:
1.根据classpath下是否存在(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)判断是否要启动一个web applicationContext
2.SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationContextInitializer
3.SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationListener
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
//1.根据classpath下是否存在(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)判断是否要启动一个web applicationContext
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
//2.SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationContextInitializer
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//3.SpringFactoriesInstances加载classpath下所有可用的ApplicationListener
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
3.2.2:实例化完成后调用run()方法
调用run()方法执行的过程主要分为以下几步:
1.遍历SpringApplication初始化过程中加载的SpringApplicationRunListeners
2.调用Starting()监听SpringApplication的启动
3.加载SpringBoot配置环境(ConfigurableEnvironment)
4.设置banner属性
5.创建ConfigurableApplicationContext(应用配置上下文)
6.将listeners、environment、applicationArguments、bannner等重要组件与上下文对象关联
7.bean的实力化完成
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
//1.遍历SpringApplication初始化过程中加载的SpringApplicationRunListeners
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//2.调用starting()监听SpringApplication的启动
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
//3.加载SpringBoot配置环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//4.设置banner属性
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//5.创建ConfigurableApplicationContext(应用配置上下文)
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//6.将listeners、environment、applicationArguments、banner等重要组件与上下文对象关联
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//7.实例化bean
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
3.2.2.1:遍历SpringApplication初始化过程中加载的SpringApplicationRunListeners
private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger,
getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
3.2.2.2:调用Starting()监听SpringApplication的启动
public void starting() {
//遍历所有的SpringApplicationRunListener,调用starting()方法监听SpringApplication的启动
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
listener.starting();
}
}
3.2.2.3:加载SpringBoot配置环境(ConfigurableEnvironment)
加载SpringBoot配置环境(configurableEnvironment),如果是通过web容器发布,会加载StandardEnvironment。将配置文件(Environment)加入到监听器对象中(SpringApplicationRunListeners)
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
// Create and configure the environment
//如果environment不为空直接返回 || 如果是web环境则直接实例化StandardServletEnvironment类 || 如果不是web环境则直接实例化StandardEnvironment类
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
//配置环境信息
configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
//通知所有的监听者,环境已经准备好了
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
bindToSpringApplication(environment);
if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
deduceEnvironmentClass());
}
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
return environment;
}
3.2.2.4:设置banner属性
private Banner printBanner(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
//如果未开启banner打印直接返回
if (this.bannerMode == Banner.Mode.OFF) {
return null;
}
//创建ResourceLoader对象
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = (this.resourceLoader != null) ? this.resourceLoader
: new DefaultResourceLoader(getClassLoader());
//创建SpringApplicationBannerPrinter,该对象用来打印banner
SpringApplicationBannerPrinter bannerPrinter = new SpringApplicationBannerPrinter(resourceLoader, this.banner);
//如果bannerMode模式为LOG,则将bannner打印到log文件中
if (this.bannerMode == Mode.LOG) {
return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, logger);
}
//打印banner到控制台
return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, System.out);
}
3.2.2.5:初始化ConfigurableApplicationContext(应用配置上下文)SpringApplicationRunListeners
在SpringBoot中,应用类型分为三类
public enum WebApplicationType {
/**
* The application should not run as a web application and should not start an
* embedded web server.
*/
// 应用程序不是web应用,也不应该用web服务器去启动
NONE,
/**
* The application should run as a servlet-based web application and should start an
* embedded servlet web server.
*/
//应用程序应作为基于servlet的web应用程序运行,并应启动嵌入式servlet web(tomcat)服务器
SERVLET,
/**
* The application should run as a reactive web application and should start an
* embedded reactive web server.
*/
//应用程序应作为 reactive web应用程序运行,并应启动嵌入式 reactive web服务器。
REACTIVE;
}
根据webEnvironment是否是web环境创建默认的contextClass,AnnotationConfigEnbeddedWebApplicationContext(通过扫描所有注解类来加载bean)和ConfigurableWebApplicationContext),最后通过BeanUtils实例化上下文对象,并返回。
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
//根据webEnvironment是否是web环境创建默认的contextClass
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
//AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
//AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
//AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
//BeanUtils实例化上下文对象
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
3.2.2.6:将listeners、environment、applicationArguments、banner等重要组件与上下文对象关联
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
//设置上下文的environment
context.setEnvironment(environment);
//应用上下文后处理
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
//在context refresh之前,对其应用ApplicationContextInitializer
applyInitializers(context);
//上下文准备
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
//打印启动日志和启动应用的profile
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
//向beanFactory注册单例bean:命令行参数bean
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
//向beanFactory注册单例bean:banner bean
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
// Load the sources
//获取SpringApplication的primarySources属性
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
//将bean加载到应用上下文
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
//向上下文添加ApplicationListener,并广播ApplicationPreparedEvent事件
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}