目录
- 实验条件
- 网络拓朴
- 环境配置
- 开始排错
- 错点1：R1-R2之间认证不匹配
- 错误2：hello包的时间配置不匹配
- 错误3：R2的e0/1接口区域配置不正确
- 错误4：R4的e0/1接口没有配置进OSPF
- 错误5：R2的区域1没有配置成特殊区域
- 错误6：R4上e/0的接口并没有宣告进OSPF
- 错误7：R4-R3之间的网络类型不一致
- 错误8：R3没有配置区域1为特殊区域
- 错误9：R2上的area1的聚合路由
- 错误10：R2上的e0/1口开销配置的过大
实验条件
网络拓朴
环境配置
R1
router ospf 89
router-id 1.1.1.1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip ospf 89 area 1
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf authentication message-digest
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 SPOTO
ip ospf 89 area 0
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 89 area 0
R2
router ospf 89
router-id 2.2.2.2
area 1 range 4.4.4.0 255.255.255.0
router ospf 1
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip ospf 89 area 0
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 89 area 0
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 89
ip ospf cost 100
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip ospf 89 area 0
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-point
ip ospf 89 area 1
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf hello-interval 11
ip ospf 89 area 0
router ospf 89
router-id 3.3.3.3
R4
router ospf 89
router-id 4.4.4.4
area 1 stub
interface Loopback0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
ip authentication mode eigrp 1234 md5
ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1234 CCNP
开始排错
查询R1的邻居信息，发现邻居没有建立成功
错点1：R1-R2之间认证不匹配
为R2接口上配置上MD5认证
R2
interface Ethernet0/0
ip ospf authentication message-digest
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 SPOTO
查询结果发现邻居建立。
R1(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 12.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0
错误2：hello包的时间配置不匹配
R3
interface Ethernet0/1
ip ospf hello-interval 11
取消该时间间隔配置
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip ospf hello-interval
查询邻居信息, R1-R3邻居正常建立。
R1(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 13.1.1.3 Ethernet0/1
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:38 12.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0
继续查询R2邻居信息
R2(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 12.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0
发现R2与R4之间的邻居不正常，继续排错
错误3：R2的e0/1接口区域配置不正确
重新配置
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip ospf 1 area 89
ip ospf 89 area 1
错误4：R4的e0/1接口没有配置进OSPF
配置进OSPF
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip ospf 1 area 89
ip ospf 89 area 1
查询邻居，发现依然没有建立成功。
发现area1被配置成特殊区域。
router ospf 89
router-id 4.4.4.4
area 1 stub
错误5：R2的区域1没有配置成特殊区域
将R2上的area1配置成特殊区域。
R2:
router ospf 89
area 1 stub
邻居成功建立
检查所有的邻居关系。发现还剩下R3-R4之间的邻居关系没有起来，继续排错。
错误6：R4上e/0的接口并没有宣告进OSPF
配置接口进入OSPF
R4:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip ospf 89 area 1
邻居依然没有建立。继续排错。
错误7：R4-R3之间的网络类型不一致
配置R4上E0/0的网络类型
R3上E0/0的下的网络类型是配置成了point-to-point，所以调整R4的E0/0的网络类型
R4:
interface Ethernet0/0
ip ospf network point-to-point
邻居依然没有建立。继续排错。
错误8：R3没有配置区域1为特殊区域
R3:
router ospf 89
area 1 stub
成功排除错误，邻居建立成功。
错误9：R2上的area1的聚合路由
取消聚合路由
R2:
router ospf 89
no area 1 range 4.4.4.0 255.255.255.0
查询R1上的路由表，依然没有出现等价负载均衡。继续排错
R1(config)#do show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
a - application route
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set
......
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/21] via 13.1.1.3, 00:08:53, Ethernet0/1
......
错误10：R2上的e0/1口开销配置的过大
取消R2上的e0/1口上的开销配置，采用默认值。
R2:
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip ospf cost 100
查看R1上的路由表检查结果
R1(config)#do show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
a - application route
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 12.1.1.2, 05:21:57, Ethernet0/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 13.1.1.3, 05:18:12, Ethernet0/1
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/21] via 13.1.1.3, 04:47:40, Ethernet0/1
[110/21] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L 12.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L 13.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 24.1.1.0 [110/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 34.1.1.0 [110/20] via 13.1.1.3, 05:18:12, Ethernet0/1
R1(config)#
目标达成
