Django开发2
- Django开发
- 1.新建项目
- 2.创建app
- 3.设计表结构（django）
- 4.在MySQL中生成表
- 5.静态文件管理
- 6.部门管理
- 7.模板的继承
- 8.用户管理
- 8.1 初识Form
- 1. views.py
- 2.user_add.html
- 8.3 ModelForm（推荐）
- 0. models.py
- 1. views.py
- 2.user_add.html
Django开发
主题：员工管理系统
1.新建项目
新建app PS D:\学习\扩展\Django\xqs0824> python manage.py startapp app01
在setting中新加app注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config'
]
2.创建app
python manage.py startapp app01
注册app：
3.设计表结构（django）
from django.db import models
class Department(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# 无约束
# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
# 1.有约束
# - to，与那张表关联
# - to_field，表中的那一列关联
# 2.django自动
# - 写的depart
# - 生成数据列 depart_id
# 3.部门表被删除
# ### 3.1 级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ### 3.2 置空
# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 在django中做的约束
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
4.在MySQL中生成表
-
工具连接MySQL生成数据库。
create database date0825 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; -
修改配置文件，连接MySQL
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'root123', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL 'PORT': 3306, } }
-
django命令生成数据库表
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
表结构创建成功：
5.静态文件管理
static目录
6.部门管理
体验，最原始方法来做。
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便）
7.模板的继承
- 部门列表
- 添加部门
- 编辑部门
定义目版：layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>标题</h1>
<div>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<h1>底部</h1>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
继承母版：
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block css %}
#以下为自己单独用到的样式，应用时会单独加载
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
<style>
...
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}
8.用户管理
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| account | decimal(10,2) | NO | | NULL | |
| create_time | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | smallint(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| depart_id | bigint(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
新建用户：
-
原始方式理思路：不会采用（本质）【麻烦】
- 用户提交数据没有校验。 - 错误，页面上应该有错误提示。 - 页面上，没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。 [OK] - 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。 [OK] -
Django组件
- Form组件（小简便）
- ModelForm组件（最简便）
8.1 初识Form
1. views.py
form字段定义插件widget=forms.Input，可以显示为INPUT框
class MyForm(Form):
user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
//实例化一下MyForm对象
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- form.user等价于<input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
8.3 ModelForm（推荐）
0. models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
1. views.py
class MyForm(ModelForm):
# xx = form.CharField*("...")为自定义字段，既可以去UserInfo里拿name,password，也支持去自定义字段
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
