原文作者：我辈李想
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前言

通俗来说，中间件存在于系统开发中，目前有2种，一种是作用于前端和后端之间，一种是作用于后端系统中的，这里说的中间件是django后端。django的前后端分离项目和前后端不分离项目都使用到中间件。

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一、常见用法

二、JWT中间价

三、操作日志中间件

这个是参考网络上的文章，进行少量修改。

1.在user的app下建立models类

class OpLogs(models.Model):
    """操作日志"""

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    re_time = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='请求时间')
    re_user = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='操作人')
    re_ip = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='请求IP')
    re_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='请求url')
    re_method = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='请求方法')
    re_content = models.TextField(null=True, verbose_name='请求参数')
    rp_content = models.TextField(null=True, verbose_name='响应参数')
    access_time = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='响应耗时/ms')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '操作日志'
        verbose_name_plural = '操作日志'
        db_table = 'operate_logs'

2.如图位置新建LogMiddleware.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:lenovo
@file: LogMiddleware.py
@time: 2023/3/17  17:41
"""
import time
import json

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

from user.models import OpLogs


class OpLog(MiddlewareMixin):
    __exclude_urls = ['index/', ]  # 定义不需要记录日志的url名单

    def __init__(self, *args):
        super(OpLog, self).__init__(*args)

        self.start_time = None  # 开始时间
        self.end_time = None  # 响应时间
        self.data = {}  # dict数据

    def process_request(self, request):
        """
        请求进入
        :param request: 请求对象
        :return:
        """

        self.start_time = time.time()  # 开始时间
        re_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime())  # 请求时间（北京）

        # 请求IP
        x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
        if x_forwarded_for:
            # 如果有代理，获取真实IP
            re_ip = x_forwarded_for.split(",")[0]
        else:
            re_ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')

        # 请求方法
        re_method = request.method

        # 请求参数
        re_content = request.GET if re_method == 'GET' else request.POST
        if re_content:
            re_content = json.dumps(re_content)
        else:
            re_content = None

        self.data.update(
            {
                're_time': re_time,  # 请求时间
                're_url': request.path,  # 请求url
                're_method': re_method,  # 请求方法
                're_ip': re_ip,  # 请求IP
                're_content': re_content,  # 请求参数
            }
        )

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        """
        响应返回
        :param request: 请求对象
        :param response: 响应对象
        :return: response
        """
        # 请求url在 exclude_urls中，直接return，不保存操作日志记录
        for url in self.__exclude_urls:
            if url in self.data.get('re_url'):
                return response

        if response.get('accepted_media_type') == 'application/json':
            # 获取响应数据字符串(多用于API, 返回JSON字符串)
            rp_content = response.content.decode()
        else:
            rp_content = '不是json数据'
        self.data['rp_content'] = rp_content
        self.data['re_user'] = request.user.username if request.user else 'AnonymousUser'  # 操作人(需修改)，网站登录用户

        # 耗时
        self.end_time = time.time()  # 响应时间
        access_time = self.end_time - self.start_time
        self.data['access_time'] = round(access_time * 1000)  # 耗时毫秒/ms
        OpLogs.objects.create(**self.data)  # 操作日志入库db

        return response

3.django中添加中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware",
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'utils.jwt1.JwtAuthorizationMiddleware',  # 通过Authorization请求头传递token
    'utils.middlewares.LogMiddleware.OpLog',  # 操作日志
    'utils.middlewares.Exception.AllException'  # 全局异常
]

四、全局异常中间件

1.新建Exception.py文件

# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:lenovo
@file: Exception.py.py
@time: 2023/4/23  18:20
"""
import logging

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

logger = logging.getLogger("app")


class AllException(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_exception(self, request, exception):
        """
        视图函数报错后
        :param request: 请求对象
        :return:
        """
        print(exception)
        logger.error(exception)
        ex_data = {
            "msg": "Sorry, we make a mistake (*￣︶￣)!",
            "code": 1000,
            "request": request.path,
            'data': []
        }
        return JsonResponse(data=ex_data, status=500)

2.django配置添加异常中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware",
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'utils.jwt1.JwtAuthorizationMiddleware',  # 通过Authorization请求头传递token
    'utils.middlewares.LogMiddleware.OpLog',  # 操作日志
    'utils.middlewares.Exception.AllException'  # 全局异常
]