文章目录
- 一、前言
- 1.1、`API`文档
- 1.2、`Github`仓库
- 二、图形
- 2.1、拖拽`draggable`
- 2.2、图片`Image`
- 2.3、变形`Transformer`
- 三、实现
- 3.1、依赖
- 3.2、源码
- 3.2.1、`KonvaContainer`组件
- 3.2.2、`use-key-press`文件
- 3.3、效果图
- 四、最后
一、前言
本文用到的react-konva是基于react封装的图形绘制。Konva 是一个HTML5 Canvas JavaScript 框架，它通过对 2d context 的扩展实现了在桌面端和移动端的可交互性。Konva 提供了高性能的动画，补间，节点嵌套，布局，滤镜，缓存，事件绑定（桌面/移动端）等等功能。你可以使用 Konva 在舞台上绘制图形，给图形添加事件，移动、缩放和旋转图形并且支持高性能的动画即使包含数千个图形。
1.1、API文档
英文文档点击【前往】，中文文档点击【前往】
1.2、Github仓库
点击【前往】访问Github仓库，在线示例地址，点击【前往】
二、图形
在线制图最基础的应用是拖拽元素，比如，在画布上拖拽一张图片或某种形状，对该图片进行缩放或旋转操作。
画布就是<Stage>，每个图层为<Layer>。
2.1、拖拽draggable
konva 中内置了很多形状的元素，比如圆形、矩形等，以下示例为星型，这里先用<Star>试一下：
import Konva from 'konva'
import { Circle, Rect, Stage, Layer, Text, Star } from 'react-konva'
const Shape = () => {
const [star, setStar] = useState({
x: 300,
y: 300,
rotation: 20,
isDragging: false,
})
const handleDragStart = () => {
setStar({
...star,
isDragging: true,
})
}
const handleDragEnd = (e: any) => {
setStar({
...star,
x: e.target.x(),
y: e.target.y(),
isDragging: false,
})
}
return (
<Stage width={1000} height={600}>
<Layer>
<Star
key="starid"
id="starid"
x={star.x}
y={star.y}
numPoints={5}
innerRadius={20}
outerRadius={40}
fill="#89b717"
opacity={0.8}
draggable
rotation={star.rotation}
shadowColor="black"
shadowBlur={10}
shadowOpacity={0.6}
shadowOffsetX={star.isDragging ? 10 : 5}
shadowOffsetY={star.isDragging ? 10 : 5}
scaleX={star.isDragging ? 1.2 : 1}
scaleY={star.isDragging ? 1.2 : 1}
onDragStart={handleDragStart}
onDragEnd={handleDragEnd}
/>
</Layer>
</Stage>
)
}
其中，可以给 Star 配置一些基础的属性，如：x、y 指该元素在画布上的坐标位置，rotaition 指元素的旋转角度；fill 指元素的填充颜色，scaleX、scaleY 指元素在 x、y 轴上的放大比例等等。
在拖拽的时候，我们要给该元素添加一些拖拽事件，如上：添加 handleDragStart 更改isDragging属性，使其在拖动时产生形变；添加 onDragEnd 事件，更改isDragging和 x、y 属性，来改变拖动位置，关闭拖动形变特效等。
观察上面的代码发现某些属性和react-dnd类似，但在使用 drag 事件的时候，发现比 react-dnd 方便很多，可能因为底层是 canvas 的原因吧！
2.2、图片Image
有两种方式可以导入图片，一个是用 react-hooks，一个是调用 react 生命周期函数，这里为了图省事，用 hooks。
先安装 konva 的官方库use-image，use-image提供好了跨域属性anonymous，封装一下图片组件：
import { Image } from 'react-konva'
import useImage from 'use-image'
const KonvaImage = ({ url = '' }) => {
const [image] = useImage(url, 'anonymous')
return <Image image={image} />
}
export default KonvaImage
如果仍显示跨域问题不能生成图片，需要在服务器端添加跨域头或者做一层转发了。
2.3、变形Transformer
元素变形，需要引用 konva 的Transformer组件，该组件可以使元素的缩放、旋转。如下代码，在选中某元素后，会展示 Transformer 组件，在该组件上存在boundBoxFunc属性，当用户触发元素的变形行为时，该函数会被调用，返回一个包含形变后元素的信息（下面代码中为 newBox）。
import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
import { Image, Transformer } from 'react-konva'
import Konva from 'konva'
import useImage from 'use-image'
const KonvaImage = ({ url = '', isSelected = false }) => {
const [image] = useImage(url)
const imgRef = useRef()
const trRef = useRef()
useEffect(() => {
if (isSelected) {
trRef.current.nodes([imgRef.current])
trRef.current.getLayer().batchDraw()
}
}, [isSelected])
return (
<>
<Image image={image} draggable ref={imgRef} />
{isSelected && (
<Transformer
ref={trRef}
boundBoxFunc={(oldBox, newBox) => {
// limit resize
if (newBox.width < 5 || newBox.height < 5) {
return oldBox
}
const { width, height } = newBox
// console.log('width', width);
// console.log('height', height);
return newBox
}}
/>
)}
</>
)
}
export default KonvaImage
三、实现
3.1、依赖
安装如下所需依赖：
npm install react-konva konva use-image --save
3.2、源码
3.2.1、KonvaContainer组件
KonvaContainer图片框选区域组件源码如下所示：
/**
* @Description: KonvaContainer图片框选区域组件
* @props url 需要框选的图片的URL地址
* @props width 宽度
* @props height 高度
* @props defaultValue 默认框选起来区域的数据
* @onChange 回调方法，通知父组件框选的内容信息
* @author 小马甲丫
* @date 2023-12-05 03:22:27
*/
import React from 'react';
import useImage from 'use-image';
import { Stage, Layer, Rect, Image, Transformer } from 'react-konva';
import useKeyPress from '@/hooks/use-key-press';
/**
* 框选的图片
* @param url
* @constructor
*/
const BackgroundImage = ({ url }) => {
const [image] = useImage(url);
return <Image image={image} />;
};
/**
* 背景白板
* @param width
* @param height
* @constructor
*/
const BackgroundWhite = ({ width, height }) => {
return (
<Rect
x={0}
y={0}
width={width}
height={height}
fill="#fff"
id="rectangleBg"
name="rectangleBg"
/>
);
};
/**
* 框选出来的框
* @param canvas
* @param shapeProps
* @param onSelect
* @param onChange
* @constructor
*/
const Rectangle = ({ canvas, shapeProps, onSelect, onChange }) => {
const shapeRef = React.useRef();
return (
<Rect
onClick={() => onSelect(shapeRef)}
onTap={() => onSelect(shapeRef)}
ref={shapeRef}
{...shapeProps}
name="rectangle"
draggable
onMouseOver={() => {
document.body.style.cursor = 'move';
}}
onMouseOut={() => {
document.body.style.cursor = 'default';
}}
onDragEnd={(e) => {
onChange({
...shapeProps,
x: e.target.x(),
y: e.target.y(),
});
}}
dragBoundFunc={(pos) => {
const shapeWidth = shapeRef.current.attrs.width;
const shapeHeight = shapeRef.current.attrs.height;
let x = pos.x;
if (x <= 0) {
x = 0;
} else if (x + shapeWidth >= canvas.width) {
x = canvas.width - shapeWidth;
}
let y = pos.y;
if (y < 0) {
y = 0;
} else if (y + shapeHeight > canvas.height) {
y = canvas.height - shapeHeight;
}
return {
x,
y,
};
}}
onTransformEnd={() => {
// transformer is changing scale of the node
// and NOT its width or height
// but in the store we have only width and height
// to match the data better we will reset scale on transform end
const node = shapeRef.current;
const scaleX = node.scaleX();
const scaleY = node.scaleY();
// we will reset it back
node.scaleX(1);
node.scaleY(1);
onChange({
...shapeProps,
x: node.x(),
y: node.y(),
// set minimal value
width: Math.max(5, node.width() * scaleX),
height: Math.max(node.height() * scaleY),
});
}}
/>
);
};
/**
* 主容器
* @param props
* @constructor
*/
const KonvaContainer = (props) => {
const [imageObject, setImageObject] = React.useState({
width: props.width,
height: props.height,
url: props.url,
});
const [rectanglesField, setRectanglesField] = React.useState([]);
const [selectedId, selectShape] = React.useState(null);
const trRef = React.useRef();
const layerRef = React.useRef();
const Konva = window.Konva;
const hideTransformer = () => {
trRef.current.nodes([]);
};
/**
* 初始化框选框
* @param list
*/
const initRectangles = (list) => {
const rects = list.map((item, index) => ({
...item,
id: `rect_${index}`,
fill: 'rgb(160, 76,4, 0.3)',
}));
setRectanglesField(rects);
};
/**
* 监听prop值变换
*/
React.useEffect(() => {
const {
url = '',
width = 0,
height = 0,
defaultValue = [],
} = props || {};
setImageObject({
width,
height,
url,
});
hideTransformer();
// 图片地址不一致说明变更图片，需要重置选框
if (url !== imageObject.url) {
setRectanglesField([]);
selectShape(null);
}
initRectangles(defaultValue);
}, [props.url, props.width, props.height, props.defaultValue]);
/**
* 更新框选框数据
* @param rects
*/
const updateRectangles = (rects) => {
setRectanglesField(rects);
props.onChange(rects);
};
/**
* 添加框选框
*/
const addRec = () => {
const data = rectanglesField;
const rects = data.slice();
const id = `rect_${rects.length}`;
rects[rects.length] = {
id,
...getSelectionObj(),
};
updateRectangles(rects);
selectShape(id);
};
/**
* 删除框选框
*/
const delRec = () => {
const data = rectanglesField;
const rects = data.slice().filter((rect) => rect.id !== selectedId);
updateRectangles(rects);
hideTransformer();
document.body.style.cursor = 'default';
selectShape(null);
};
const selectionRectRef = React.useRef();
const selection = React.useRef({
visible: false,
x1: 0,
y1: 0,
x2: 0,
y2: 0,
});
/**
* 高亮框选框
* @param id
*/
const activeTransformer = (id) => {
const activeRect =
layerRef.current.find('.rectangle').find((elementNode) => elementNode.attrs.id === id) ||
selectionRectRef.current;
trRef.current.nodes([activeRect]);
};
/**
* useKeyPress监听键盘按键删除键del和返回键backspace
* 8 返回键
* 46 删除键
*/
useKeyPress([8, 46], (e) => {
// disable click event
Konva.listenClickTap = false;
if (e.target.style[0] === 'cursor') delRec();
});
/**
* 获取选中的框选框的信息
*/
const getSelectionObj = () => {
return {
x: Math.min(selection.current.x1, selection.current.x2),
y: Math.min(selection.current.y1, selection.current.y2),
width: Math.abs(selection.current.x1 - selection.current.x2),
height: Math.abs(selection.current.y1 - selection.current.y2),
fill: 'rgb(160, 76,4, 0.3)',
};
};
/**
* 更新框选框
*/
const updateSelectionRect = () => {
const node = selectionRectRef.current;
node.setAttrs({
...getSelectionObj(),
visible: selection.current.visible,
});
node.getLayer().batchDraw();
};
/**
* 开始绘制框选框
* @param e
*/
const onMouseDown = (e) => {
const isTransformer = e.target.findAncestor('Transformer');
if (isTransformer) {
return;
}
hideTransformer();
const pos = e.target.getStage().getPointerPosition();
selection.current.visible = true;
selection.current.x1 = pos.x;
selection.current.y1 = pos.y;
selection.current.x2 = pos.x;
selection.current.y2 = pos.y;
updateSelectionRect();
};
/**
* 绘制框选框中
* @param e
*/
const onMouseMove = (e) => {
if (!selection.current.visible) {
return;
}
const pos = e.target.getStage().getPointerPosition();
selection.current.x2 = pos.x;
selection.current.y2 = pos.y;
updateSelectionRect();
};
/**
* 结束绘制框选框
* @param e
*/
const onMouseUp = (e) => {
// 点击Rect框时，会返回该Rect的id
// 画框时鼠标在Rect上松开，会返回该Rect的id
const dragId = e.target.getId();
if (!selection.current.visible) {
return;
}
// 是否鼠标拖动，并且偏移量大于10时才算拖动。拖动Rect没有偏移量，画框才有偏移量
const { current: { x1 = 0, x2 = 0, y1 = 0, y2 = 0 } = {} } = selection || {};
const isMove = (x1 !== x2 && Math.abs(x1 - x2) > 10) || (y1 !== y2 && Math.abs(y1 - y2) > 10);
// 点击后有拖动就添加Rect框，并且偏移量大于10时才算拖动
if (isMove) {
addRec();
}
// 设置可调节大小节点
if (!!dragId && !isMove) {
// 点击已有的Rect框才设置，并且拖动小于10，也就是没有拖动
activeTransformer(dragId);
} else if (isMove) {
// 拖动大于10，生成新的Rect框
activeTransformer();
}
selection.current.visible = false;
// disable click event
Konva.listenClickTap = false;
updateSelectionRect();
};
return (
<Stage
width={imageObject.width}
height={imageObject.height}
onMouseDown={onMouseDown}
onMouseUp={onMouseUp}
onMouseMove={onMouseMove}
>
<Layer ref={layerRef}>
<BackgroundWhite {...imageObject} />
<BackgroundImage {...imageObject} />
{
rectanglesField.map((rect, i) => {
return (
<Rectangle
key={i}
getKey={i}
canvas={imageObject}
shapeProps={rect}
isSelected={rect.id === selectedId}
getLength={rectanglesField.length}
onSelect={() => {
selectShape(rect.id);
}}
onChange={(newAttrs) => {
const rects = rectanglesField.slice();
rects[i] = newAttrs;
updateRectangles(rects);
}}
/>
);
})
}
<Transformer
ref={trRef}
rotationSnaps={[0, 90, 180, 270]}
keepRatio={false}
anchorSize={4}
anchorStroke='#a04c04'
anchorFill="#fff"
borderStroke='#a04c04'
borderDash={[1, 1]}
enabledAnchors={['top-left', 'top-right', 'bottom-left', 'bottom-right']}
boundBoxFunc={(oldBox, newBox) => {
// limit resize
// newBox.rotation !== 0进入return oldBox，就可实现不让旋转
if (newBox.width < 20 || newBox.height < 20) {
return oldBox;
}
return newBox;
}}
/>
<Rect ref={selectionRectRef} />
</Layer>
</Stage>
);
};
export default KonvaContainer;
3.2.2、use-key-press文件
用到了下面这个hook文件use-key-press：
import { useCallback, useEffect, MutableRefObject } from 'react';
type keyType = KeyboardEvent['keyCode'] | KeyboardEvent['key'];
type keyFilter = keyType | keyType[];
type EventHandler = (event: KeyboardEvent) => void;
type keyEvent = 'keydown' | 'keyup';
type BasicElement = HTMLElement | Element | Document | Window;
type TargetElement = BasicElement | MutableRefObject<null | undefined>;
type EventOptions = {
events?: keyEvent[];
target?: TargetElement;
};
const modifierKey: any = {
ctrl: (event: KeyboardEvent) => event.ctrlKey,
shift: (event: KeyboardEvent) => event.shiftKey,
alt: (event: KeyboardEvent) => event.altKey,
meta: (event: KeyboardEvent) => event.metaKey,
};
const defaultEvents: keyEvent[] = ['keydown'];
/**
* 判断对象类型
* @param obj 参数对象
* @returns String
*/
function isType<T>(obj: T): string {
return Object.prototype.toString
.call(obj)
.replace(/^\[object (.+)\]$/, '$1')
.toLowerCase();
}
/**
* 获取当前元素
* @param target TargetElement
* @param defaultElement 默认绑定的元素
*/
function getTargetElement(target?: TargetElement, defaultElement?: BasicElement) {
if (!target) {
return defaultElement;
}
if ('current' in target) {
return target.current;
}
return target;
}
/**
* 按键是否激活
* @param event 键盘事件
* @param keyFilter 当前键
*/
const keyActivated = (event: KeyboardEvent, keyFilter: any) => {
const type = isType(keyFilter);
const { keyCode } = event;
if (type === 'number') {
return keyCode === keyFilter;
}
const keyCodeArr = keyFilter.split('.');
// 符合条件的长度
let genLen = 0;
// 组合键
keyCodeArr.forEach((key) => {
const genModifier = modifierKey[key];
if ((genModifier && genModifier) || keyCode === key) {
genLen++;
}
});
return genLen === keyCodeArr.length;
};
/**
* 键盘按下预处理方法
* @param event 键盘事件
* @param keyFilter 键码集
*/
const genKeyFormate = (event: KeyboardEvent, keyFilter: any) => {
const type = isType(keyFilter);
if (type === 'string' || type === 'number') {
return keyActivated(event, keyFilter);
}
// 多个键
if (type === 'array') {
return keyFilter.some((item: keyFilter) => keyActivated(event, item));
}
return false;
};
/**
* 监听键盘按下/松开
* @param keyCode
* @param eventHandler
* @param options
*/
const useKeyPress = (
keyCode: keyFilter,
eventHandler?: EventHandler,
options: EventOptions = {},
) => {
const { target, events = defaultEvents } = options;
const callbackHandler = useCallback(
(event) => {
if (genKeyFormate(event, keyCode)) {
typeof eventHandler === 'function' && eventHandler(event);
}
},
[keyCode],
);
useEffect(() => {
const el = getTargetElement(target, window)!;
events.forEach((eventName) => {
el.addEventListener(eventName, callbackHandler);
});
return () => {
events.forEach((eventName) => {
el.removeEventListener(eventName, callbackHandler);
});
};
}, [keyCode, events, callbackHandler]);
};
export default useKeyPress;
3.3、效果图
页面效果如下所示：
四、最后
本人每篇文章都是一字一句码出来，希望大佬们多提提意见。顺手来个三连击，点赞👍收藏💖关注✨。创作不易，给我打打气，加加油☕
