使用PyQt6 开发UI界面实现TCP server和TCP client单机通讯的示例。

一、PyQt6 实现的界面

二、TCP server代码的修改示意

界面提供网络参数的配置，以及提供人机交互过程中的数据获取和显示。

1、把上面的server代码封装成两个部分

A、class Server 负责接受UI界面的参数并通过信号与后台线程通讯

B、class ServerSocketReceiveThread 封装了 server socket 接收数据的行为并提供信号与Server交换数据

如果在UI界面调用while语句接收socket数据，会导致界面卡死。
所以使用新线程运行socket接收数据的操作，通过信号传递给Server中定义的方法，实现数据传递。

下图是原来的代码与修改后的代码部分映射的关系：

2、Server的完整代码

class Server:

    def __init__(self, ui, server_ip, server_hostname, server_port):

        self.ui = ui  # 主界面
        self.ip = server_ip  # 服务器ip地址
        self.port = server_port  # 服务器端口号
        self.serverName = server_hostname  # 显示名称
        self.is_running = False  # 是否已经启动

        self.socket = None  # socket
        self.socketThread = None  # 新的 socket receive 线程

        self.start()

    def start(self):
        if not self.is_running:
            self.is_running = True
            self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            self.socket.bind((self.ip, self.port))  # 绑定IP与端口
            self.socket.listen(1)  # 设定最大连接数
            self.startSocketReceiveThread()

    def stop(self):
        try:
            if self.is_running:
                self.is_running = False
                if self.socketThread.is_running:
                    self.socketThread.stop()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    def startSocketReceiveThread(self):
        self.socketThread = ServerSocketReceiveThread(self.socket)
        self.socketThread.clientConnection.connect(self.socket_client_connect_trigger)
        self.socketThread.receivedClientData.connect(self.show_client_message)
        self.socketThread.serverStatus.connect(self.server_status_trigger)
        self.socketThread.start()

    def server_status_trigger(self, status):
        self.ui.statusbar.showMessage(status)

    def socket_client_connect_trigger(self, state):
        if state == 'connect':
            self.ui.statusbar.showMessage("客户端已经连接。")
        else:
            self.ui.statusbar.showMessage("客户端已经断开。")

    def show_client_message(self, message):
        self.ui.textEdit.append('客户端:' + message)

    def send_message_to_client(self, message):
        if self.is_running:
            self.ui.textEdit.append(self.serverName + ':' + message)
            self.socketThread.send_data_to_client(message)

3、ServerSocketReceiveThread 完整代码

class ServerSocketReceiveThread(QThread):
    clientConnection: pyqtSignal = pyqtSignal(str)  # 向主线程发送连接状态标志
    receivedClientData: pyqtSignal = pyqtSignal(str)  # 向主线程发送接受到客户端的数据
    serverStatus: pyqtSignal = pyqtSignal(str)  # 向主线程发送服务器状态

    def __init__(self, serverSocket):
        super(ServerSocketReceiveThread, self).__init__()
        self.serverSocket = serverSocket
        self.clientSocket = None
        self.addr = None
        self.is_running = True

    def run(self):
        self.serverStatus.emit("服务已经启动，等待客户端的连接......")
        self.clientSocket, self.addr = self.serverSocket.accept()  # 接受客户端的连接
        self.emitConnectEvent('connect')  # 发送通知到主界面
        self.startReceiveData()

    def startReceiveData(self):
        while self.is_running:
            try:
                data = self.clientSocket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')  
                if not data:
                    self.emitConnectEvent('disconnect')  # 发送通知到主界面
                    break
                self.sendClientDataToUi(data)
            except ConnectionResetError as reason:
                self.sendClientDataToUi("已经离开对话。")
                self.is_running = False
                self.emitConnectEvent('disconnect')  # 发送通知到主界面
                break
        self.clientSocket.close()
        self.serverSocket.close()
        self.serverStatus.emit("服务已经关闭。")

    def send_data_to_client(self, message):
        try:
            self.clientSocket.send(message.encode("utf-8"))
        except Exception as reason:
            print("发送失败，原因 = ", reason)

    def stop(self):
        if self.is_running:
            self.is_running = False

    def emitConnectEvent(self, state):
        self.clientConnection.emit(state)

    def sendClientDataToUi(self, message):
        self.receivedClientData.emit(message)

三、TCP Client 代码也是同样封装为两部分

1、class Client完整代码

class Client:

    def __init__(self, ui, ip, clientName, port):
        self.ui = ui
        self.ip = ip
        self.hostName = clientName
        self.port = port

        self.socket = None
        self.socketThread = None
        self.connect_server()

    def connect_server(self):
        self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.socketThread = ClientSocketReceiveThread(self.socket)
        self.socketThread.receivedServerData.connect(self.update_ui_chat_content)
        if self.connect_success(self.ip, self.port):
            self.socketThread.start()

    def update_ui_chat_content(self, serverMessage):
        self.ui.textEdit_2.append("服务端:" + serverMessage)

    def stop(self):
        self.socketThread.stop()

    def send_data(self, sentence):
        self.ui.textEdit_2.append(self.hostName + ":" + sentence)
        self.socket.send(sentence.encode())

    def connect_success(self, ip, port):
        try:
            self.socket.connect((ip, port))
            return True
        except Exception as reason:
            print(reason)
            return False

2、class ClientSocketReceiveThread完整代码

class ClientSocketReceiveThread(QThread):
    receivedServerData: pyqtSignal = pyqtSignal(str)  # 向主线程发送接受到客户端的数据

    def __init__(self, clientSocket):
        super(ClientSocketReceiveThread, self).__init__()
        self.clientSocket = clientSocket
        self.is_running = True

    def stop(self):
        self.is_running = False
        self.clientSocket.close()

    def run(self):
        while self.is_running:
            try:
                msg = self.clientSocket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")  # 接受服务端消息
                if not msg:
                    break
                self.receivedServerData.emit(msg)
            except Exception as reason:
                print(reason)
                break
        self.stop()
        self.receivedServerData.emit("已经与服务端断开。")

四、ui_Main.py代码

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(957, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(parent=MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.tabWidget = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(parent=self.centralwidget)
        self.tabWidget.setObjectName("tabWidget")
        self.tab = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.tab.setObjectName("tab")
        self.horizontalLayout_10 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.tab)
        self.horizontalLayout_10.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_10")
        self.verticalLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_5.setObjectName("verticalLayout_5")
        self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.groupBox.setFont(font)
        self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")
        self.verticalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox)
        self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName("verticalLayout_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(parent=self.groupBox)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label)
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.groupBox)
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit)
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.groupBox)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_3)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
        self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(parent=self.groupBox)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.label_2)
        self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.groupBox)
        self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.lineEdit_2)
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.horizontalLayout_3.setStretch(2, 1)
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
        self.horizontalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_4")
        self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_4)
        self.verticalLayout_5.addWidget(self.groupBox)
        self.verticalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_4.setObjectName("verticalLayout_4")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem1)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        spacerItem2 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem2)
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton_2.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
        spacerItem3 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem3)
        self.verticalLayout_4.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        self.verticalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_3.setObjectName("verticalLayout_3")
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(parent=self.tab)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
        self.verticalLayout_3.addWidget(self.textEdit)
        self.horizontalLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_5.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_5")
        self.lineEdit_4 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.tab)
        self.lineEdit_4.setObjectName("lineEdit_4")
        self.horizontalLayout_5.addWidget(self.lineEdit_4)
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton_4.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
        self.horizontalLayout_5.addWidget(self.pushButton_4)
        self.verticalLayout_3.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_5)
        self.verticalLayout_4.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_3)
        self.verticalLayout_5.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_4)
        self.horizontalLayout_10.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_5)
        self.verticalLayout_8 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_8.setObjectName("verticalLayout_8")
        self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.groupBox_2.setFont(font)
        self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")
        self.verticalLayout_9 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.groupBox_2)
        self.verticalLayout_9.setObjectName("verticalLayout_9")
        self.horizontalLayout_6 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_6.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_6")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(parent=self.groupBox_2)
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.horizontalLayout_6.addWidget(self.label_4)
        self.lineEdit_5 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.groupBox_2)
        self.lineEdit_5.setObjectName("lineEdit_5")
        self.horizontalLayout_6.addWidget(self.lineEdit_5)
        self.verticalLayout_9.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_6)
        self.horizontalLayout_7 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_7.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_7")
        self.label_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(parent=self.groupBox_2)
        self.label_5.setObjectName("label_5")
        self.horizontalLayout_7.addWidget(self.label_5)
        self.lineEdit_6 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.groupBox_2)
        self.lineEdit_6.setObjectName("lineEdit_6")
        self.horizontalLayout_7.addWidget(self.lineEdit_6)
        self.verticalLayout_9.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_7)
        self.verticalLayout_8.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)
        self.verticalLayout_7 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_7.setObjectName("verticalLayout_7")
        self.horizontalLayout_8 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_8.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_8")
        spacerItem4 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout_8.addItem(spacerItem4)
        self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton_5.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
        self.horizontalLayout_8.addWidget(self.pushButton_5)
        spacerItem5 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout_8.addItem(spacerItem5)
        self.pushButton_6 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton_6.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_6.setObjectName("pushButton_6")
        self.horizontalLayout_8.addWidget(self.pushButton_6)
        spacerItem6 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Policy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout_8.addItem(spacerItem6)
        self.verticalLayout_7.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_8)
        self.verticalLayout_6 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_6.setObjectName("verticalLayout_6")
        self.textEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(parent=self.tab)
        self.textEdit_2.setObjectName("textEdit_2")
        self.verticalLayout_6.addWidget(self.textEdit_2)
        self.horizontalLayout_9 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_9.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_9")
        self.lineEdit_7 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(parent=self.tab)
        self.lineEdit_7.setObjectName("lineEdit_7")
        self.horizontalLayout_9.addWidget(self.lineEdit_7)
        self.pushButton_7 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(parent=self.tab)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.pushButton_7.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_7.setObjectName("pushButton_7")
        self.horizontalLayout_9.addWidget(self.pushButton_7)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_9)
        self.verticalLayout_7.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_6)
        self.verticalLayout_8.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_7)
        self.horizontalLayout_10.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_8)
        self.tabWidget.addTab(self.tab, "")
        self.tab_2 = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.tab_2.setObjectName("tab_2")
        self.tabWidget.addTab(self.tab_2, "")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.tabWidget)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(parent=MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 957, 22))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(parent=MainWindow)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(11)
        self.statusbar.setFont(font)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.tabWidget.setCurrentIndex(0)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "服务器配置："))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "服务端IP地址："))
        self.lineEdit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "127.0.0.1"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "使用本机IP地址"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "服务器端口："))
        self.lineEdit_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "12000"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "启动服务"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "停止服务"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送"))
        self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "客户端配置"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "服务器IP:"))
        self.lineEdit_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "127.0.0.1"))
        self.label_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "服务器端口："))
        self.lineEdit_6.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "12000"))
        self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "连接服务器"))
        self.pushButton_6.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "断开连接"))
        self.pushButton_7.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送"))
        self.tabWidget.setTabText(self.tabWidget.indexOf(self.tab), _translate("MainWindow", "TCP协议"))
        self.tabWidget.setTabText(self.tabWidget.indexOf(self.tab_2), _translate("MainWindow", "UDP协议"))

五、application.py 启动代码

import os
import sys
from module.main import MainWindow
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    login = MainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

六、main.py 代码

from PyQt6 import QtWidgets
from .server import Server
from .client import Client
from ui.ui_Main import Ui_MainWindow


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    """
        主窗口初始化
    """

    def __init__(self):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.show()

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.server_start)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.server_stop)
        self.pushButton_4.clicked.connect(self.server_send_data)

        self.pushButton_5.clicked.connect(self.client_connect_server)
        self.pushButton_6.clicked.connect(self.client_disconnect_server)
        self.pushButton_7.clicked.connect(self.client_send_data)

        self.server = None
        self.client = None

    def client_connect_server(self):
        server_ip = self.lineEdit_5.text()
        server_port = int(self.lineEdit_6.text())
        client_name = '客户端'
        self.client = Client(self, server_ip, client_name, server_port)

    def client_disconnect_server(self):
        self.client.stop()

    def client_send_data(self):
        message = self.lineEdit_7.text()
        self.client.send_data(message)

    def server_start(self):
        server_ip = self.lineEdit.text()
        server_port = int(self.lineEdit_2.text())
        server_name = '服务器'
        self.server = Server(self, server_ip, server_name, server_port)

    def server_stop(self):
        self.server.stop()

    def server_send_data(self):
        message = self.lineEdit_4.text()
        self.server.send_message_to_client(message)