目录
前言
正文
1.Python基础学习
2.Python读取Excel表格
2.1安装xlrd模块
2.2使用介绍
2.2.1常用单元格中的数据类型
2.2.2 导入模块
2.2.3打开Excel文件读取数据
2.2.4常用函数
2.2.5代码测试
2.2.6 Python操作Excel官方网址
3.Python创建xml文件
3.1 xml语法学习
3.2创建xml文件
3.3 代码测试
4.解决问题
5.总结
前言
ECU诊断工作，需要实现的DTC（Diagnostic trouble code）接近500个，每个DTC的配置项基本类似。也就是说需要在ISOLAR工具上重复手动配置500个DTC。ISOLAR工具还非常的卡。
分析整个操作过程为：Excel表格读取一个DTC码-->ISOLAR工具中手动配置一个DTC-->重复500次 --> 最后生成配置文件Dem_Config.axml.
Axml文件中每一项DTC的配置内容如下，基本就是修改DTC码。
基于以上重复且有规律的工作需求，考虑使用Python脚本搞定。
正文
1.Python基础学习
推荐菜鸟教程：https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-install.html
整个学习过程推荐两到3天完成。
2.Python读取Excel表格
python操作excel主要用到xlrd和xlwt这两个库，即xlrd是读excel，xlwt是写excel的库。这里只用到xlrd模块。
2.1安装xlrd模块
命令行：pip install xlrd
2.2使用介绍
2.2.1常用单元格中的数据类型
0: empty,
1: string(text),
2:number, 3:date,
4: boolean,
5: error,
b: blank(空白)
2.2.2 导入模块
Import xlrd2.2.3打开Excel文件读取数据
Data = xlrd.open_workbook(r’filename’)2.2.4常用函数
Excel当中最重要的就是对book(工作簿)和sheet(工作表)的操作
1)获取book中一个工作表
table = data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_index(sheet_indx)) #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) #通过名称获取以上三个函数都会返回一个xlrd.sheet.Sheet()对象
names = data.sheet_names() #返回book中所有工作表的名字
data.sheet_loaded(sheet_name or indx) # 检查某个sheet是否导入完毕2)行的操作
nrows = table.nrows #获取该sheet中的有效行数
table.row(rowx) #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.row_slice(rowx) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.row_types(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
table.row_values(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
table.row_len(rowx) #返回该列的有效单元格长度3)列的操作
ncols = table.ncols #获取列表的有效列数
table.col(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_slice(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_types(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
table.col_values(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有单元格的数据组成的列表4)单元格的操作
table.cell(rowx,colx) #返回单元格对象
table.cell_type(rowx,colx) #返回单元格中的数据类型
table.cell_value(rowx,colx) #返回单元格中的数据2.2.5代码测试
测试Excel表格
测试代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import xlrd
data = xlrd.open_workbook(r'.\book.xlsx')
def xlrd_read():
table = data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取第一个sheet1
#行操作
print("There are %s rows in sheet1" %(table.nrows)) #获取该sheet中的有效行数
print("Return type of table.row(): ", type(table.row(0))) #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
print("Items of row 1 on shee1: ", table.row(1)) #第2行列表元素
print("Items of row 2 on sheet1: ", table.row_slice(2)) #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
print(table.row_types(1, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
print(table.row_values(1, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
print("Length of row 2: ", table.row_len(1)) #返回该行的有效单元格长度
#列操作
print("There are %s columns in sheet1" %(table.ncols)) #获取列表的有效列数
print(table.col(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
print(table.col_slice(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)) # 返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
print(table.col_types(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)) # 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
print(table.col_values(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)) # 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
#单元格操作
print(table.cell(1, 1)) # 返回单元格对象
print(table.cell_type(1, 1)) # 返回单元格中的数据类型
print(table.cell_value(1, 1)) # 返回单元格中的数据
def main():
xlrd_read()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()测试结果
2.2.6 Python操作Excel官方网址
http://www.python-excel.org/
3.Python创建xml文件
3.1 xml语法学习
https://www.runoob.com/xml/xml-tutorial.html
3.2创建xml文件
ElementTree是python的XML处理模块，它提供了一个轻量级的对象模型。它在Python2.5以后成为Python标准库的一部分，但是Python2.4之前需要单独安装。在使用ElementTree模块时，需要import xml.etree.ElementTree的操作。
ElementTree表示整个XML节点树，而Element表示节点数中的一个单独的节点。
构建XML文件
ElementTree(tag)，其中tag表示根节点，初始化一个ElementTree对象。
Element(tag, attrib={}, **extra)函数用来构造XML的一个根节点，其中tag表示根节点的名称，attrib是一个可选项，表示节点的属性。
SubElement(parent, tag, attrib={}, **extra)用来构造一个已经存在的节点的子节点。
Element.text和SubElement.text表示element对象的额外的内容属性，Element.tag和Element.attrib分别表示element对象的标签和属性。
ElementTree.write(file, encoding='us-ascii', xml_declaration=None, default_namespace=None, method='xml')，函数新建一个XML文件，并且将节点数数据写入XML文件中。
3.3 代码测试
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def buildNewsXmlFile():
# 设置一个新节点，并设置其标签为root
root = ET.Element("root")
# 在root下新建两个子节点,设置其名称分别为sina和chinabyte
sina = ET.SubElement(root, "sina")
chinabyte = ET.SubElement(root, "chinabyte")
# 在sina下新建两个子节点，设置其节点名称分别为number和first
sina_number = ET.SubElement(sina, "number")
sina_number.text = "1"
sina_first = ET.SubElement(sina, "first")
sina_first.text = "http://roll.tech.sina.com.cn/internet_all/index_1.shtml"
# 在chinabyte下新建两个子节点，设置其节点名称为number和first
chinabyte_number = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, "number")
chinabyte_number.text = "1"
chinabyte_first = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, "first")
chinabyte_first.text = "http://www.chinabyte.com/more/124566.shtml"
# 将节点数信息保存在ElementTree中，并且保存为XML格式文件
RawText = ET.tostring(root)
dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
f = open(r'.\Test_4.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
f.close()
def main():
# xml_read()
# xml_write()
#xml_create()
buildNewsXmlFile()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
4.解决问题
读取Excel表格提取需要的数据 --> 缓存数据 --> 遍历没有给数据生成xml文件 --> 合并到配置文件当值 --> 完成所有配置
#!/usr/bin/env python
import xlrd
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom
ExcelPath = r'.\FileName.xlsx'
First_Dtc_RowNum = 25
Last_Dtc_RowNum = 456
DtcCodeHexStr = []
DtcCodeDemStr = []
def OpenExcel():
global DtcCodeHexStr
global DtcCodeDemStr
data = xlrd.open_workbook(ExcelPath)
table = data.sheet_by_name('DTC')
DtcCodeHexStr = table.col_values(2, start_rowx=First_Dtc_RowNum, end_rowx=Last_Dtc_RowNum)
for HexStr in DtcCodeHexStr:
int_10 = int(str(HexStr), 16)
int_10_str = str(int_10)
DtcCodeDemStr.append(int_10_str)
print("Type of DtcCodeHexStr = ",type(DtcCodeHexStr))
print("DtcCodeHexStr = ",DtcCodeHexStr)
print("Type of DtcCodeDemStr = ", type(DtcCodeDemStr))
print("DtcCodeDemStr = ", DtcCodeDemStr)
def CreatDemDtcXml():
global First_Dtc_RowNum
global Last_Dtc_RowNum
global DtcCodeHexStr
global DtcCodeDemStr
CONTAINERS = ET.Element("CONTAINERS")
for i in range(Last_Dtc_RowNum - First_Dtc_RowNum):
EcuContainrValue = ET.SubElement(CONTAINERS, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDTC_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC"
ParameterValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
EcucTextualParamValue = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue, "DEFINITION-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDTCSeverity"
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue, "VALUE").text = "DEM_SEVERITY_NO_SEVERITY"
EcuNumerivalParamValue = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcuNumerivalParamValue, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST":"ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDtcValue"
ET.SubElement(EcuNumerivalParamValue, "VALUE").text = DtcCodeDemStr[i]
ReferenceValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
EcucReferenceValue = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue, "DEFINITION-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDTCAttributesRef"
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue, "VALUE-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDTCAttributes"
RawText = ET.tostring(CONTAINERS)
dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
f = open(r'.\DemDtc.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
f.close()
def CreatDemEventParameterXml():
global First_Dtc_RowNum
global Last_Dtc_RowNum
global DtcCodeHexStr
global DtcCodeDemStr
CONTAINERS = ET.Element("CONTAINERS")
for i in range(Last_Dtc_RowNum - First_Dtc_RowNum):
EcuContainrValue = ET.SubElement(CONTAINERS, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemEventParameter_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue,"DEFINITION-REF").text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter"
ParameterValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
EcucNumericalParamValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventFailureCycleCounterThreshold"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_0, "VALUE").text = "1"
EcucTextualParamValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemReportBehavior"
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_0, "VALUE").text = "REPORT_BEFORE_INIT"
EcucNumericalParamValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventAvailable"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_1, "VALUE").text = "true"
EcucTextualParamValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventKind"
ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_1, "VALUE").text = "DEM_EVENT_KIND_BSW"
EcucNumericalParamValue_2 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemFFPrestorageSupported"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_2, "VALUE").text = "false"
ReferenceValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
EcucReferenceValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDTCRef"
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_0, "VALUE-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDTC_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
EcucReferenceValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemOperationCycleRef"
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_1, "VALUE-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemGeneral/DemOperationCycle_Other"
SubContainers = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SUB-CONTAINERS")
EcucContainerValu_0 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemRbEventClass_0"
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass"
ParameterValues_0 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
EcucNumericalParamValue_3 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_3, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventBufferTime"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_3, "VALUE").text = "0"
EcucNumericalParamValue_4 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_4, "DEFINITION-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventRecoverableInSameOperationCycle"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_4, "VALUE").text = "1"
EcucNumericalParamValue_5 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_5, "DEFINITION-REF", {
"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventStatusBitStorageTestFailed"
ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_5, "VALUE").text = "0"
EcucContainerValu_1 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDebounceAlgorithmClass"
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-CHOICE-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass"
SubContainers_1 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "SUB-CONTAINERS")
EcucContainerValu_2 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers_1, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDebounceCounterBased"
ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass/DemDebounceCounterBased"
ReferenceValues_0 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
EcucReferenceValue_2 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues_0, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass/DemDebounceCounterBased/DemDebounceCounterBasedClassRef"
ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_2, "VALUE-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDebCntClass_U127_D127"
RawText = ET.tostring(CONTAINERS)
dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
f = open(r'.\DemEventParameter.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
f.close()
def main():
OpenExcel()
CreatDemDtcXml()
CreatDemEventParameterXml()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
5.总结
每个人在处理Excel数据的时候，如果发现是重复且有规律的工作，都可以考虑使用Python来提高效率。当然，Python的功能还有很多很多，把基本知识学好，后面遇到什么就学什么，有目的的去学要快很多。
