1 问题描述

pip install -r requirements.txt 

在构建video_retalking项目过程中，使用命令安装依赖包时，出现如下错误：

Building wheels for collected packages: face-alignment, dlib, ffmpy, future
  Building wheel for face-alignment (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for face-alignment: filename=face_alignment-1.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl size=27844 sha256=1099ac2f57890d2e4d94b972703f5a6ccf487376bad7cd60ee7a00c6f84736e9
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/da/f8/cf/6ba533b36b381bf8f2ed87d82b95e5097c4f2ca9aab1acb8cf
  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [7 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      running build_ext
      
      ERROR: CMake must be installed to build dlib
      
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Running setup.py clean for dlib
  Building wheel for ffmpy (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for ffmpy: filename=ffmpy-0.3.1-py3-none-any.whl size=5579 sha256=61354e3c970907807c38694ea3da2a6183ac05bf4497ed85eac27222e15cf2a9
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/0f/7f/ad/15fba8ee0656ffade5c40beace0c545743e91060c8af30efc9
  Building wheel for future (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for future: filename=future-0.18.3-py3-none-any.whl size=492024 sha256=f2792f6ac146614217f9fd5808a2025c68f1fc8c4785c5486eec94e4404ba96e
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/07/14/8c/1cb73be9422f7e071f24ed77cb8e51eb87ac17e6fc06640715
Successfully built face-alignment ffmpy future
Failed to build dlib
ERROR: Could not build wheels for dlib, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

2 问题分析

从异常信息可以看出，安装dlib是需要cmake，使用命令安装cmake

yum install cmake

安装完成后，再次运行出现如下错误：

Building wheels for collected packages: dlib
  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [68 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      running build_ext
      Building extension for Python 3.8.18 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Oct 10 2023, 15:44:36)
      Invoking CMake setup: 'cmake /tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/tools/python -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-38 -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/bin/python3.8 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release'
      -- The C compiler identification is unknown
      CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeDetermineCXXCompiler.cmake:55 (message):
        Could not find compiler set in environment variable CXX:
      
        g++.
      
      Call Stack (most recent call first):
        CMakeLists.txt:14 (project)
      
      
      CMake Error: Error required internal CMake variable not set, cmake may be not be built correctly.
      Missing variable is:
      CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ENV_VAR
      CMake Error: Error required internal CMake variable not set, cmake may be not be built correctly.
      Missing variable is:
      CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER
      CMake Error: Could not find cmake module file: /tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-38/CMakeFiles/2.8.12.2/CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake
      CMake Error: your C compiler: "CMAKE_C_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found.   Please set CMAKE_C_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.
      CMake Error: CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER not set, after EnableLanguage
      -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
      See also "/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-38/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
      See also "/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-38/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
        File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
        File "/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/setup.py", line 222, in <module>
          setup(
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 103, in setup
          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 185, in setup
          return run_commands(dist)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 201, in run_commands
          dist.run_commands()
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 969, in run_commands
          self.run_command(cmd)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 989, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 368, in run
          self.run_command("build")
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 989, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build.py", line 131, in run
          self.run_command(cmd_name)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 989, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/setup.py", line 134, in run
          self.build_extension(ext)
        File "/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/setup.py", line 171, in build_extension
          subprocess.check_call(cmake_setup, cwd=build_folder)
        File "/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 364, in check_call
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['cmake', '/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/tools/python', '-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=/tmp/pip-install-92e1e42i/dlib_b04bbb8202ab4a81b4fd32bf1517ed88/build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-38', '-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/root/anaconda3/envs/retalking/bin/python3.8', '-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Running setup.py clean for dlib
Failed to build dlib
ERROR: Could not build wheels for dlib, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

3 问题解决

yum install -y cmake
yum install -y make
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y gcc-c++

 注意：安装完成后，要重新连接shell，再次运行依赖安装命令

pip install -r requirements.txt 

不再报错，问题解决。

 4 conda环境介绍

Conda是一个开源的包管理器和环境管理系统，用于安装、运行和更新包和其依赖项。它是由Anaconda, Inc.（以前称为Continuum Analytics）创建，用于支持Python程序开发，但它也可以用来管理来自其他语言的包。Conda使得包管理和环境隔离变得简单，对于处理多个项目中的依赖关系和版本控制尤其有用。

Conda是一个强大的工具，对于管理复杂的Python项目和环境至关重要。它简化了包管理和环境设置，使得Python开发更加容易和高效。通过使用Conda，开发者可以确保他们的项目在不同机器和操作系统上都能以相同的方式运行，大大提高了项目的可移植性和可复现性。

4.1 Conda的核心功能

• 包管理：Conda作为包管理器，可以安装、更新和移除Python包。它通过Conda仓库，如Anaconda Cloud或Conda Forge，来获取包。

• 环境管理：Conda允许用户创建隔离的环境，以便于不同项目可以拥有不同的库和/或Python版本。这在处理不兼容的依赖项或不同项目的需求时非常有用。

• 跨平台：Conda支持Linux、OS X和Windows，并允许创建跨平台的Python环境。

• 开源：Conda是开源的，允许用户查看源代码并对其进行改进。

4.2 使用Conda的优势

• 解决依赖性问题：Conda可以自动解决包之间的依赖关系，简化了安装过程。

• 环境隔离：创建独立的环境可以避免包之间的版本冲突，使得项目更稳定。

• 易于使用：Conda的命令行界面简单直观，易于学习和使用。

• 广泛的包支持：Conda支持Python的许多流行库和应用程序。

• 社区支持：作为一个流行的工具，Conda拥有一个活跃的社区，用户可以从中找到支持和资源。

4.3 Conda环境的创建和管理

• 创建新环境：使用conda create命令创建一个新环境，可以指定Python版本和所需的包。

• 激活环境：使用conda activate命令来激活环境。

• 安装包：在激活的环境中使用conda install命令来安装新的包。

• 环境列表：使用conda env list来查看所有可用的Conda环境。

• 移除环境：使用conda env remove命令来移除不再需要的环境。

4.4 应用场景

• 数据科学和机器学习：Conda非常适合于数据科学和机器学习项目，这些项目通常需要多个库和框架。

• 软件开发：软件开发者使用Conda来管理项目依赖，确保一致的开发环境。

• 教学和学术研究：教师和研究人员使用Conda来创建具有特定库和工具的环境，用于教学和研究。