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目录
- 前言
- 一、主界面和聊天窗口
- 二、UDP聊天
- 三、TCP文件传输
- server类
- Clint类
- 最后
前言
QQ是一款优秀的聊天软件,本文将提供主要代码和思路来实现一个类似于QQ群聊的网络聊天软件,大致有以下俩个功能:
采用qt5编写,实现基于UDP的文本聊天功能,和基于TCP的文件传输功能
基本聊天会话功能
通过获取每一个用户运行该程序的时候,发送广播来实现,不仅用户登录的时候进行广播,退出、发送信息的时候都使用UDP广播来告知用户,每个用户的聊天窗口为一个端点
文件传输功能实现
文件的传输采用TCP来实现,用C/S架构
- 主界面选中要发送的文件,单击传输,打开发送文件对话框
- 当用户单击发送的时候,程序通过UDP广播给接收端,接收端在收到文件的UDP消息后,弹出提示框,是否接收
- 如果接收,先创建一个TCP通信客户端,双方进行TCP通信,如果拒绝,再通过UDP广播告知发送端
一、主界面和聊天窗口
#ifndef DRAWER_H
#define DRAWER_H
#include <QToolBox>
#include <QToolButton>
#include <QWidget>
#include "myqq.h"
class Drawer : public QToolBox
{
public:
Drawer();
private:
QToolButton *toolBtn1;
//聊天对象窗口指针
QWidget *chatWidget1;
private slots:
// 显示聊天对象窗口
void showChatWidget1();
MyQQ *myqq;
};
#endif // DRAWER_H
setWindowTitle(tr("My QQ v01"));
setWindowIcon(QPixmap(":/images/R-C.jpg"));
toolBtn1 = new QToolButton;
toolBtn1->setText(tr("冰雪奇缘"));
toolBtn1->setIcon(QPixmap(":/images/girl1.jpg"));
toolBtn1->setAutoRaise(true); //设置toolBtn1在显示时自动提升,使得按钮外观更加立体感。
toolBtn1->setToolButtonStyle(Qt::ToolButtonTextBesideIcon); //设置toolBtn1的按钮样式为图标在文本旁边的形式。
// 将显示函数与抽屉盒中相对应的用户按钮进行绑定
//connect(toolBtn1,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(showChatWidget1()));
//connect(toolBtn1, &QToolButton::clicked, this, &QToolBox::showChatWidget1);
connect(toolBtn1, &QToolButton::clicked, this, &Drawer::showChatWidget1);
二、UDP聊天
原理:如果要进行聊天,则首先要获取所有登录用户的信息,这个功能是通过在每一个用户运行该程序时发送广播实现的,不仅用户登录时要进行广播,而且在用户退出、发送消息时都使用UDP广播来告知所有用户。
#ifndef SERVER_H
#define SERVER_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTime>
namespace Ui {
class Server;
}
class Server : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit Server(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Server();
void initSrv(); // 初始化服务器
void refused(); // 关闭服务器
protected:
void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *);
void updClntProgress(qint64 numBytes);
private slots:
void on_Server_accepted();
void sendMsg(); //发送数据
void updclntProgress(qint64 numBytes); // 更新进度条
void on_sOpenBtn_clicked();
void on_sSendBtn_clicked();
void on_sCloseBtn_clicked();
private:
Ui::Server *ui;
qint16 tPort;
QTcpServer *tSrv;
QString fileName;
QString theFileName;
QFile *locFile; //待发送的文件
qint64 totalBytes; //总共要发送的
qint64 bytesWritten; //已发送的
qint64 bytesTobeWrite; //待发送的
qint64 payloadSize; //被初始化为一个常量
QByteArray outBlock; // 缓存一次的
QTcpSocket *clntConn;
QTime time;
signals:
void sendFileName(QString fileName);
};
#endif // SERVER_H
#include "server.h"
#include "ui_server.h"
#include <QFile>
#include<QTcpServer>
#include<QTcpSocket>
#include<QMessageBox>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include<QDebug>
Server::Server(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Server)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setFixedSize(400,207);
tPort = 5555;
tSrv = new QTcpServer(this);
connect(tSrv,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&Server::sendMsg);
initSrv();
}
void Server::initSrv()
{
payloadSize = 64*1024;
totalBytes = 0;
bytesWritten = 0;
ui->sOpenBtn->setEnabled(true);
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(false);
tSrv->close();
}
// 发送数据
void Server::sendMsg()
{
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(false);
clntConn = tSrv->nextPendingConnection();
connect(clntConn,SIGNAL(bytesWritten(gint64)),this,SLOT(updCIntProgress(qint64)));
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("开始传送文件 号1 !").arg(theFileName));
locFile = new QFile(fileName);
if(!locFile->open((QFile::ReadOnly)))
{
QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("应用程序"), tr("无法读取文件号1: n各2").arg(fileName).arg(locFile->errorString()));
return;
}
totalBytes = locFile->size();
QDataStream sendOut(&outBlock, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
sendOut.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);
time.start();
QString curFile = fileName.right(fileName.size() - fileName.lastIndexOf('/') - 1);
sendOut << qint64(0) << qint64((outBlock.size() - sizeof(qint64)*2));
bytesTobeWrite = totalBytes - clntConn->write(outBlock);
outBlock.reserve(0);
}
// 更新进度条
void Server::updClntProgress(qint64 numBytes)
{
// 防止传输大文件产生冻结
qApp->processEvents();
bytesWritten += (int)numBytes;
if(bytesTobeWrite > 0)
{
outBlock = locFile->read(qMin(bytesTobeWrite,payloadSize));
bytesTobeWrite -= (int)clntConn->write(outBlock);
outBlock.resize(0);
} else{
locFile->close();
}
ui->progressBar->setMaximum(totalBytes);
ui->progressBar->setValue(bytesWritten);
float useTime = time.elapsed();
double speed = bytesWritten / useTime;
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("已发送 %1MB (%2MB/s)\n 共%3MB 已用时:%4s\n 估计剩余时间:%5秒")
.arg(bytesWritten/(1024*1024))
.arg(bytesWritten / (1024*1024))
.arg(speed*1000 / (1024*1024),0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes / (1024 * 1024)).arg(useTime/1000,0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes/speed/1000 - useTime/1000,0,'f',0));
if(bytesWritten == totalBytes)
{
locFile->close();
tSrv->close();
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("传送文件 %1 成功").arg(theFileName));
}
}
Server::~Server()
{
delete ui;
}
void Server::on_sOpenBtn_clicked()
{
fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this);
if(!fileName.isEmpty())
{
theFileName = fileName.right(fileName.size() - fileName.lastIndexOf('/')-1);
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("要发送的文件为:%1").arg(theFileName));
ui->sOpenBtn->setEnabled(false);
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(true);
}
}
void Server::on_sSendBtn_clicked()
{
if(!tSrv->listen(QHostAddress::Any,tPort))
{
qDebug() << tSrv ->errorString();
close();
return;
}
ui->sStatusLabel->setText("等待……");
emit sendFileName(theFileName);
}
void Server::on_sCloseBtn_clicked()
{
if(tSrv->isListening())
{
tSrv->close();
if(locFile->isOpen())
locFile->close();
clntConn->abort();
}
close();
}
void Server::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *)
{
on_sCloseBtn_clicked();
}
void Server::refused()
{
tSrv->close();
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("对方拒绝!"));
}
三、TCP文件传输
文件的传输采用TCP来实现,用C/S(客户端/服务器)方式,创建俩个新类,client和server类
server类
#ifndef SERVER_H
#define SERVER_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTime>
namespace Ui {
class Server;
}
class Server : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit Server(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Server();
void initSrv(); // 初始化服务器
void refused(); // 关闭服务器
protected:
void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *);
void updClntProgress(qint64 numBytes);
private slots:
void on_Server_accepted();
void sendMsg(); //发送数据
void updclntProgress(qint64 numBytes); // 更新进度条
void on_sOpenBtn_clicked();
void on_sSendBtn_clicked();
void on_sCloseBtn_clicked();
private:
Ui::Server *ui;
qint16 tPort;
QTcpServer *tSrv;
QString fileName;
QString theFileName;
QFile *locFile; //待发送的文件
qint64 totalBytes; //总共要发送的
qint64 bytesWritten; //已发送的
qint64 bytesTobeWrite; //待发送的
qint64 payloadSize; //被初始化为一个常量
QByteArray outBlock; // 缓存一次的
QTcpSocket *clntConn;
QTime time;
signals:
void sendFileName(QString fileName);
};
#endif // SERVER_H
#include "server.h"
#include "ui_server.h"
#include <QFile>
#include<QTcpServer>
#include<QTcpSocket>
#include<QMessageBox>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include<QDebug>
Server::Server(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Server)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setFixedSize(400,207);
tPort = 5555;
tSrv = new QTcpServer(this);
connect(tSrv,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&Server::sendMsg);
initSrv();
}
void Server::initSrv()
{
payloadSize = 64*1024;
totalBytes = 0;
bytesWritten = 0;
ui->sOpenBtn->setEnabled(true);
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(false);
tSrv->close();
}
// 发送数据
void Server::sendMsg()
{
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(false);
clntConn = tSrv->nextPendingConnection();
connect(clntConn,SIGNAL(bytesWritten(gint64)),this,SLOT(updCIntProgress(qint64)));
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("开始传送文件 号1 !").arg(theFileName));
locFile = new QFile(fileName);
if(!locFile->open((QFile::ReadOnly)))
{
QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("应用程序"), tr("无法读取文件号1: n各2").arg(fileName).arg(locFile->errorString()));
return;
}
totalBytes = locFile->size();
QDataStream sendOut(&outBlock, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
sendOut.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);
time.start();
QString curFile = fileName.right(fileName.size() - fileName.lastIndexOf('/') - 1);
sendOut << qint64(0) << qint64((outBlock.size() - sizeof(qint64)*2));
bytesTobeWrite = totalBytes - clntConn->write(outBlock);
outBlock.reserve(0);
}
// 更新进度条
void Server::updClntProgress(qint64 numBytes)
{
// 防止传输大文件产生冻结
qApp->processEvents();
bytesWritten += (int)numBytes;
if(bytesTobeWrite > 0)
{
outBlock = locFile->read(qMin(bytesTobeWrite,payloadSize));
bytesTobeWrite -= (int)clntConn->write(outBlock);
outBlock.resize(0);
} else{
locFile->close();
}
ui->progressBar->setMaximum(totalBytes);
ui->progressBar->setValue(bytesWritten);
float useTime = time.elapsed();
double speed = bytesWritten / useTime;
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("已发送 %1MB (%2MB/s)\n 共%3MB 已用时:%4s\n 估计剩余时间:%5秒")
.arg(bytesWritten/(1024*1024))
.arg(bytesWritten / (1024*1024))
.arg(speed*1000 / (1024*1024),0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes / (1024 * 1024)).arg(useTime/1000,0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes/speed/1000 - useTime/1000,0,'f',0));
if(bytesWritten == totalBytes)
{
locFile->close();
tSrv->close();
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("传送文件 %1 成功").arg(theFileName));
}
}
Server::~Server()
{
delete ui;
}
void Server::on_sOpenBtn_clicked()
{
fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this);
if(!fileName.isEmpty())
{
theFileName = fileName.right(fileName.size() - fileName.lastIndexOf('/')-1);
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("要发送的文件为:%1").arg(theFileName));
ui->sOpenBtn->setEnabled(false);
ui->sSendBtn->setEnabled(true);
}
}
void Server::on_sSendBtn_clicked()
{
if(!tSrv->listen(QHostAddress::Any,tPort))
{
qDebug() << tSrv ->errorString();
close();
return;
}
ui->sStatusLabel->setText("等待……");
emit sendFileName(theFileName);
}
void Server::on_sCloseBtn_clicked()
{
if(tSrv->isListening())
{
tSrv->close();
if(locFile->isOpen())
locFile->close();
clntConn->abort();
}
close();
}
void Server::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *)
{
on_sCloseBtn_clicked();
}
void Server::refused()
{
tSrv->close();
ui->sStatusLabel->setText(tr("对方拒绝!"));
}
Clint类
TCP客户端类,用于接收文件。
#ifndef CLIENT_H
#define CLIENT_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QHostAddress>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTime>
#include <QTcpSocket>
namespace Ui {
class client;
}
class client : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit client(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~client();
void setHostAddr(QHostAddress addr);
void setFileName(QString name);
protected:
void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *);
private:
Ui::client *ui;
QTcpSocket *tClnt;
quint16 blockSize;
QHostAddress hostAddr;
qint16 tPort;
qint64 totalBytes;
qint64 bytesReceived;
qint64 fileNameSize;
QString fileName;
QFile *locFile;
QByteArray inBlock;
QTime time;
private slots:
void newConn(); // 连接到服务器
void readMsg(); // 读取文件数据
// void displayErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError); // 显示错误信息
void on_cCancleBtn_clicked();
void on_cCloseBtn_clicked();
};
#endif // CLIENT_H
#include "client.h"
#include "ui_client.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QTime>
client::client(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::client)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setFixedSize(400,190);
totalBytes = 0;
bytesReceived = 0;
fileNameSize = 0;
tClnt = new QTcpSocket(this);
tPort = 5555;
connect(tClnt, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &client::readMsg);
}
// 连接服务器
void client::newConn()
{
blockSize = 0;
tClnt->abort();
tClnt->connectToHost(hostAddr,tPort);
time.start();
}
// 发送文件
void client::readMsg()
{
QDataStream in(tClnt);
in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);
float useTime = time.elapsed();
if (bytesReceived <= sizeof(qint64)*2)
{
if ((tClnt->bytesAvailable() >= sizeof(qint64)*2) && (fileNameSize == 0))
{
in>>totalBytes>>fileNameSize;
bytesReceived += sizeof(qint64)*2;
}
if((tClnt->bytesAvailable() >= fileNameSize) && (fileNameSize != 0))
{
in>>fileName;
bytesReceived +=fileNameSize;
if(!locFile->open(QFile::WriteOnly))
{
QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("应用程序"),tr("无法读取文件%1:\n%2.").arg(fileName).arg(locFile->errorString()));
}
return;
}else
{
return;
}
}
if (bytesReceived < totalBytes)
{
bytesReceived += tClnt->bytesAvailable();
inBlock = tClnt->readAll();
locFile->write(inBlock);
inBlock.resize(0);
}
ui->progressBar->setMaximum(totalBytes);
ui->progressBar->setValue(bytesReceived);
double speed = bytesReceived / useTime;
ui->label_2->setText(tr("已接收 %1MB (%2MB/s)\n 共%3MB 已用时:%4s\n 估计剩余时间:%5秒")
.arg(bytesReceived/(1024*1024))
.arg(speed*1000 / (1024*1024),0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes / (1024 * 1024))
.arg(useTime/1000,0,'f',0)
.arg(totalBytes/speed/1000 - useTime/1000,0,'f',0));
if(bytesReceived == totalBytes)
{
locFile->close();
tClnt->close();
ui->label->setText(tr("接收文件 %1 成功").arg(fileName));
}
}
client::~client()
{
delete ui;
}
void client::on_cCancleBtn_clicked()
{
tClnt->abort();
if(locFile->isOpen())
locFile->close();
}
void client::on_cCloseBtn_clicked()
{
tClnt->abort();
if(locFile->isOpen())
locFile->close();
close();
}
void client::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *)
{
on_cCloseBtn_clicked();
}
最后
至此已完成,读者还可根据自己所需来添加一些拓展功能,更改字体、字号和颜色等等……如果本文对你有所帮助,还请三连支持一下博主!