接口自动化测试实操

实现思路

使用excel管理用例用例信息，requests模块发送http请求，实现了记录日志，邮件发送测试报告的功能

目录结构如下：

下面直接上代码：

统筹脚本

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import os

from interface import Interface

from testcase_get import Get_testcase

from result_save import Save_test_result

from result_send import Send_report

from config.config import Config

from logging_save import logger

if __name__ == "__main__":

cur_path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] # 获取当前文件绝对路径

case_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "test_case", "20170602.xls")

test_case = Get_testcase(case_path).readExcel() # 获取用例

if not isinstance(test_case, list): # 判断用例是否获取成功

logger.info("Test_case get failed... \n Done!")

else:

logger.info("获取用例成功")

# 调用接口

test_result = Interface().interfaceTest(test_case)

# 获取执行结果，用于发邮件

count_success = test_result[3]

count_failure = test_result[4]

failed_case_detail = test_result[5]

# 保存测试结果

Save_test_result().save_result(case_path, test_result[0], test_result[1], test_result[2])

logger.info("保存测试结果成功")

# 获取邮件配置信息

mail_config = Config(os.path.join(cur_path, "config", "mail.conf")).get_mail_config()

logger.info("获取邮箱配置成功")

login_user = mail_config[0]

login_pwd = mail_config[1]

from_addr = mail_config[2]

to_addrs = mail_config[3]

smtp_server = mail_config[4]

mail_send = Send_report(count_success, count_failure, failed_case_detail)

# 获取最新测试报告

last_report = mail_send.newest_report()

logger.info("邮件发送结果")

mail_send.send_result(login_user, login_pwd,from_addr, to_addrs,smtp_server,last_report)

logger.info("DONE!")

请求封装

# coding:utf-8

import json

import requests

from logging_save import logger

from result_check import Result_check

from url_transform import urltransform

class Interface:

def __init__(self, ):

pass

def interfaceTest(self, case_list):

"""

接口调用主函数

"""

# 用于存结果

res_flags = []

# 用于存请求报文

request_urls = []

# 用于存返回报文

responses = []

# 用户存失败的用例

failed_case = []

# 统计成功失败的用例数

count_success = 0

count_failure = 0

for case in case_list:

try:

# 模块

product = case[0]

# 用例id

case_id = case[1]

# 用例标题

interface_name = case[2].strip('\n')

# 用例描述

case_detail = case[3]

# 请求方式

method = case[4]

# 请求url

url = case[5]

# 入参

param = case[6]

# 预期结果

res_check = case[7]

except Exception as e:

return '测试用例格式不正确！%s' % e

# 定义消息头信息

headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}

# 对url进行封装

new_url = urltransform().urltransform(url, method, param)

if method.upper() == 'GET':

results = requests.get(new_url).text

logger.info(u'正在调用接口: %s' % interface_name)

# print results

responses.append(results)

# 用于存储预期结果与实际结果的比较结果

res = Result_check().interface_result_check(results, res_check)

request_urls.append(new_url)

else:

request_urls.append(new_url)

if param == '':

pass

else:

data = json.loads(param) # 将参数转化为json格式

results = requests.post(new_url, data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers).text

responses.append(results)

res = Result_check().interface_result_check(results, res_check)

if 'pass' in res:

res_flags.append('pass')

count_success += 1

else:

logger.warning(u'接口返回结果与预期结果不一致！失败URL: %s METHOD :%s' % (url, method))

res_flags.append('fail')

count_failure += 1

failed_case.append((interface_name, method, url))

logger.info(u'共执行 %s 条用例,PASS: %s,FAILED: %s' % (len(case_list), count_success, count_failure))

return res_flags, request_urls, responses, count_success, count_failure, failed_case

日志封装

# coding=utf-8

import logging

import sys

import traceback

import time

class LoggingUtils:

'''

===========封装日志工具类的基本操作=============

'''

def __init__(self,logfile):

'''

:param logfile:

'''

self.logger = logging.getLogger(logfile)

self.hdlr = logging.FileHandler(logfile)

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

self.ch = logging.StreamHandler()

self.ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)

self.ch.setFormatter(formatter)

self.hdlr.setFormatter(formatter)

self.logger.addHandler(self.hdlr)

self.logger.addHandler(self.ch)

self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

def debug(self, msg):

'''

:param msg:

:return:

'''

self.logger.debug(msg)

self.hdlr.flush()

def info(self, msg):

'''

:param msg:

:return:

'''

self.logger.info(msg)

self.hdlr.flush()

def warning(self,msg):

self.logger.warning(msg)

self.hdlr.flush()

def error(self, msg):

'''

:param msg:

:return:

'''

self.logger.error(msg)

# self.logger.removeHandler(logging.StreamHandler())

self.logger.removeHandler(self.ch)

self.hdlr.flush()

def error_sys(self, limit=None):

'''

:param limit:

:return:

'''

exceptionType, exceptionValue, exceptionTraceback = sys.exc_info()

if limit is None:

if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'):

limit = sys.tracebacklimit

n = 0

eline = '\n'

while exceptionTraceback is not None and (limit is None or n < limit):

f = exceptionTraceback.tb_frame

lineno = exceptionTraceback.tb_lineno

co = f.f_code

filename = co.co_filename

name = co.co_name

eline += ' File "%s", line %d, in %s \n ' % (filename, lineno, name)

exceptionTraceback = exceptionTraceback.tb_next

n = n + 1

eline += "\n".join(traceback.format_exception_only(exceptionType, exceptionValue))

self.logger.error(eline)

self.hdlr.flush()

timer = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime())

logger = LoggingUtils('%s.log'%timer)

结果比对

#coding:utf-8

class result_check():

def __init__(self):

pass

def result_check(self,results,res_check):

'''

结果对比函数

'''

#返回结果，将结果中的json数据转化为可以和预期结果比较的数据

res = results.replace('":"','=').replace('" : "','=')

#预期结果，是xx=11;xx=22

res_check = res_check.split(';')

for s in res_check:

if s in res:

pass

else:

return '结果不匹配 '+ str(s)

return 'pass'

result_save.py 保存测试结果的模块，复制原有的用例，保存为新的excel

#coding:utf-8

from xlutils import copy

import xlrd

import time

import os

class Save_test_result():

def __init__(self):

pass

def save_result(self,file_path,res_flags,request_urls,responses):

'''

:return:

'''

book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_path)

new_book = copy.copy(book)

sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)

i = 1

for request_url, response, flag in zip(request_urls, responses, res_flags):

sheet.write(i, 8, u'%s' % request_url)

sheet.write(i, 9, u'%s' % response)

sheet.write(i, 10, u'%s' % flag)

i += 1

report_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('report'))

if not os.path.exists(report_path):

os.makedirs(report_path)

new_book.save(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(report_path, 'Report@%s.xls' % time.strftime('%Y.%m.%d@%H%M%S'))))

结果邮件

#coding:utf-8

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.header import Header

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

import os

from logging_save import logger

class Send_report(object):

def __init__(self,count_success,count_failure,failed_case):

'''

:param count_success:

:param count_failure:

:param failed_case:

'''

self.count_success = count_success

self.count_failure = count_failure

self.failed_case = failed_case

def newest_report(self,testreport='report'):

'''

获取最新的测试报告

:param testreport:

:return:

'''

lists = os.listdir(testreport)

lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(testreport,fn)))

file_new = os.path.join(testreport, lists[-1])

logger.info('获取最新附件报告成功')

return file_new

def send_result(self,username,passwd,from_addr,to_addrs,smtpserver,*args):

'''

:param username:

:param passwd:

:param from_addr:

:param to_addrs:

:param smtpserver:

:param args:

:return:

'''

sender = from_addr

subject = '财富港接口测试结果'

username = username

passwd = passwd

'''邮件内容'''

tille = (u'用例名称', u'请求方式', u'url')

details = (u'成功: ' + str(self.count_success) + u'失败: ' + str(self.count_failure)) + '\n' + u'失败的用例如下 :' + \

'\n' + '\n'.join(str(zip(tille, i)) for i in self.failed_case).decode('unicode-escape')

logger.info('邮件附件为: %s' %(args[0].split('\\')[1]))

if args != None: #判断是否添加附件

msg = MIMEMultipart()

msg.attach(MIMEText(details, 'plain', 'utf-8'))

i = 0

while i < len(args): #可以添加多个附件

part = MIMEText(open(args[i], 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

part["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'

part["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"'%args[i]

msg.attach(part) #添加附件

i += 1

msg['subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

msg['From'] = from_addr

msg['To'] = ','.join(eval(to_addrs)) #兼容多个收件人

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()

try:

smtp.connect(smtpserver)

smtp.login(username, passwd)

smtp.sendmail(sender, eval(to_addrs), msg.as_string())

smtp.close()

logger.info('带附件测试报告发送成功！')

except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError,e:

logger.error('邮箱账户或密码错误: '+ str(e))

else:

msg = MIMEText(details, 'plain', 'utf-8')

msg['subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

msg['From'] = from_addr

msg['To'] = ','.join(eval(to_addrs))

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()

try:

smtp.connect(smtpserver)

smtp.login(username, passwd)

smtp.sendmail(sender, eval(to_addrs), msg.as_string())

logger.info('测试报告发送成功！')

smtp.close()

except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError,e:

logger.error('邮箱账户或密码错误 : '+str(e))

用例获取及数据格式化

#coding:utf-8

import xlrd

from logging_save import logger

class Get_testcase(object):

def __init__(self, file_path):

'''

:param file_path: 用例文件路径

'''

self.file_path = file_path

def readExcel(self):

'''

读取用例函数

:return: 测试用例列表

'''

try:

book = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_path) # 打开excel

except Exception, error:

logger.error('路径不在或者excel不正确 : ' + str(error))

return error

else:

sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0) # 取第一个sheet页

rows = sheet.nrows # 取这个sheet页的所有行数

case_list = [] # 用于保存用例信息

for i in range(rows):

if i != 0:

case_list.append(sheet.row_values(i)) # 把每一条测试用例添加到case_list中

return case_list

请求url转换

#coding:utf-8

class urltransform(object):

def __init__(self):

pass

def urltransform(self, url, method, param):

'''

:return:

'''

if param == '':

new_url = url

else:

if method.upper() == 'GET':

new_url = url + '?' + param.replace(';', '&') #如果有参数，且为GET方法则组装url

else:

new_url = url

return new_url

测试用例excel结构

config目录下，config.py 获取配置文件信息的模块

#conding:utf-8

import ConfigParser

class Config(object):

def __init__(self,file_path):

self.config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()

self.config.read(file_path)

def get_mail_config(self):

login_user = self.config.get('SMTP', 'login_user')

login_pwd = self.config.get('SMTP', 'login_pwd')

from_addr = self.config.get('SMTP', 'from_addr')

to_addrs = self.config.get('SMTP', 'to_addrs')

smtp_server = self.config.get('SMTP', 'smtp_server')

port = self.config.get('SMTP', 'port')

return login_user, login_pwd , from_addr, to_addrs,smtp_server, port

def report_save_config(self):

pass

mail.conf

[SMTP]

login_user = 18******@163.com

login_pwd = ******

from_addr = BI<18******@163.com>

to_addrs = ['18******@163.com']

#to_addrs = ['1******@qq.com','******.com']

smtp_server = smtp.163.com

port = 25

测试报告

邮件接收结果

Python接口自动化测试零基础入门到精通（2023最新版）